use while the other is also occasionally employed. Indeed it is 

 not before we reach somewhat beyond the Mackenzie R. that 

 the well known Greenland kayak-oar acquires that right of ex- 

 clusive use to which it is really entitled. 



Passing to the weapons used for sealhunting from kayak, 

 we see the principal and most original of them, the LARGE HARPOON 

 WITH BLADDER AND LINE also gradually invented, being completed 

 and duly appreciated in almost the same proportion as the 

 former implements. First, as a curiosity, it may be mentioned, 

 that in Southern Alaska we meet with harpoons still furnished 

 with bird's feathers like the arrows of the landchase. However 

 it must have been observed early, that a seal, even when hit 

 by a harpoon must be able to escape more easily than a ter- 

 restrial animal namely by diving. To prevent this, a small 

 inflated bladder was attached to the end of the harpoon. A 

 small harpoon fashioned in this way has also been preserved 

 almost unaltered from Kadjak in Alaska to Greenland. It is 

 used for smaller seals under the name of BLADDER-ARROW. But 

 already in Alaska it was by and by found necessary to enlarge the 

 bladder for the capture of larger animals, and at the same time 

 of course, the missile, by offering too much resistance to the 

 air, grew more and more unfit for being thrown to a suitable 

 distance. In fact, specimens are seen in Alaska of so monstrous 

 a shape that they would amaze a Greenlander. This incon- 

 venience then gave rise to the invention of the large harpoon 

 and the bladder to be separately thrown out, only connected 

 with the harpoon by means of the hunting line. This contri- 

 vance, as a kayak tool, is unknown in Southern Alaska, although 

 large bladders are used in the same way for whalefishing by 

 the Indians. Even at Point Barrow the large bladder like the 

 double-bladed paddle is applied only in peculiar cases, whereas 

 the bladder-arro\v serves for ordinary use. 



One more invention indispensable in completing the large 

 harpoon is developed and gradually makes its appearance in 



