10 



when the art of hunting from the kayak is studied in the line 

 of Eskimo wanderings from West to East. At least their 

 development is not so simply and clearly manifested as in the 

 latter ease. 



As to HUNTING FROM OPEN BOATS, this likewise is performed 

 more uniformly by the Eskimo, but also almost in the same 

 way by the Northwest Indians who procure their sustenance as 

 much from the sea as from the land and also in other respects 

 may be considered a link between Eskimo and Indians. Some 

 Indians also catch white whales from the shore and know how 

 to use the large bladder for this purpose. On the opposite shore 

 of Bering Strait the neighbours of the Eskimo down to Kam- 

 schatka have open skinboats for the same purpose. As to 

 catching fish, especially salmon, also a remarkable uniformity 

 prevails all over the Eskimo countries. Only one curious exception 

 is to be noted here: the Eastgreenlanders are totally unacquainted 

 with the use of fishhooks or angling, whereas on the other hand 

 they have threeforked salmon- spears of a remarkable form, 

 exactly the same as is met with in Vancouver Island. 



Dwellings. 



The way in which the inhabitants are distributed, partly as 

 inmates of the same house, partly in different houses more 

 or less distant from each other, is a question of importance, 

 when their social organisation comes to be considered. It will 

 be known that the Eskimo during the summer lead a wandering 

 life, forming bands of as many as can find room in an umiak 

 or who constitute the inhabitants of a tent. But during winter 

 by far the longest part of the year they retire to certain 

 stations usually occupied by the same stock through several 

 generations. In comparing THE WINTERHOLSES OF ALASKA WITH 

 THOSE OF GREENLAND we instantly observe one broad difference. 

 The interior room of the former is a square .surrounded by the 



