52 



Particular nouns. 



DEMONSTRATIVE WORDS. The demonstrative roots are: ma here 

 (where I am), tdss there, uv here, there (pointing), ik or iv yonder, 

 av north or right, qav south or left (facing the open sea), pav east 

 or landward, also upward, kan here down, also west or seaward, lag 

 south, ham inside or outside. 



By themselves, as they are, or merely rendered pronunciable by 

 the addition of an a, these roots are only used as interjections. Their 

 proper application is in the cases: localis, ablative, vialis and termi- 

 nalis, formed by adding : ane, dnga (Labr. dngat), &na and unga, f. i. 

 mane here, manga hence, mauna this way, maunga hither. 



As a rare exception in the language, a prefix here is used in 

 putting a ta before these words only to strengthen their demonstrative 

 tendency. 



Demonstratives referring to a person or an object are formed 

 by adding na to the above roots, excepting tdss and kig , f. i. mdna 

 this one here, ivna he or that yonder. Their flexion is somewhat 

 deviating, f. i. 



Objective 

 Subjective 

 Localis . 

 Ablative . 

 Vialis . . 

 Terminalis 

 Modalis . 



Somewhat related to this class of words are: na where?, suna 

 what? kina w : ho? 



In the Mackenzie grammar, the principal words belonging to this 

 class are called pronouns. 



NUMERALS. In all the dialects they are formed by making 

 subdivisions for every fifth number, counting the fingers of hand 

 and foot. 



WORDS OF PLACE. By this name are termed some nouns which 

 designate a place or space in reference to a certain object, for which 

 reason they require a suffix , excepting when used in the terminalis. 

 Examples are: 



