58 



grammar it is classed among the affixes. But although in this way 

 certainly having the nature of a noun, it may be inflected like a 

 verb in the indicative, as f. i. ajortoq one who is bad, ajortunga I who 

 am bad , ajortutit thou who art bad etc. It is called the nominal 

 participle, whereas that above is the verbal participle. 



The use of the table however still requires some explanation. 

 The endings represented in it are called the formative additions. 

 Kleinschmidl shows us in a very ingenious way how they are devel- 

 oped out of 4 elements: the character, the sign of mood, the sign of 

 person and the sign of suffix. Only the first of these elements needs to 

 be more closely mentioned here. It is wanting for the optative and 

 the in finilive, for which the sign of mood is joined immediately to the 

 stem; for the others there are 2 kinds, the principal character used 

 for the independent moods, indicative and interrogative, and the con- 

 necting character for the dependent moods. With the addition of 

 these characters the endings of the stem will be : 



Verbal stems of: chief char.: connecting char.: 



1 class ending in q rp r 



2 - h gp -i* 



3 - t JLp jJc (_lw) 



4 - - -v -g 



5 - e a ig 



To one of these 3 kinds of forms, the stem by itself (optative 

 and infin.j, the stem with the chief char, (indrc. and interr.), and the 

 stem with the connecting char, (eonj., subj. and participle), Ihe end- 

 ings given in the lable have to be added. 



The following examples may serve te explain Ihe use of the 

 table: atorpoq it is used, atorpd he uses or has used it, atorpiuk dost 

 thou use it?, atorpago if or when he uses it, atord he who uses it, 

 atormat as it had been used; ndlagpoq he obeys, ndlagparma thou 

 obeyst me, ndlangmatigik as they had obeyed them, ndldkuvdnga if ye 

 obey me; tikipoq he comes or has come, tikile may he come!, tikit- 

 dlune he coming; takuvd he sees or saw him, takugangma as thou 

 sawst me, takugpanga when he sees me, takugivnigut ye who see or 

 saw us; oqarfigd he says to him, tikikame oqarfiydnga as he had 

 arrived, he said to me, tikingmat oqarfigdnga as he had arrived, he 

 i. e. another one said to me. 



Of Ihe optative and the conjunctive some peculiar forms exist 

 which are rather frequently used. 



