59 



Some verbs are exclusively transitive so as to turn reflexive or 

 passive, if used without suffix, f. i. toqupoq he killed himself. Certain 

 affixes render these verbs halflransitive, viz. having no definite object, 

 whereas an object still can be indicated by the modalis, f. i. inungmik 

 toqutsivoq he has killed a man, he is a murderer. 



The passive form is not indicated by flexion, but merely by 

 affixes. 



The negation is expressed by a peculiar affix-stem j_ngit added 

 to the end vowel of the verb in question and inflected in a some- 

 what different way from the ordinary conjugation. The indicative 

 without suffix is: 3d pers. ngilaq, 2d pers. ngilatit, 1st pers. ngilanga. 



As exceptional differences in Greenland occur: goq and gd for 

 voq and m, in Labrador Jcoq and kd for poq and pd. In Labr. there 

 exist no verbs of Ihe 5th class and what appears most remarkable, 

 no verbal participle. Certain e-suffixes have also disappeared. 



The MACKENZIE GRAMMAR GIVES a numerous collection of 

 forms differing from the system here proposed. Most of them spring 

 from the usual difficulties in acquiring the first information by quest- 

 ioning the natives. In fact the only task I have attempted in this 

 part of the grammar is to trace the similarities and to point out 

 among Ihe differences a lew as probably authentic. 



It is said that the verbs without suffix generally end in toaq, 

 joaq, joq, toq, taq, raq\ with suffix in a, ja, va, ra and ga. 



Five conjugations are said to exist : 



(1) for verbs ending in toaq, rtoaq and ktoaq evidently corre- 

 sponding to the first 3 classes of verbs in Greenl., but with t instead 

 of p, reminding us of the nominal participle, 



(2) for -joaq, evidently the ending -voq in Greenl. , where also 

 joq exceptionally occurs, 



(3) for -raql f 



(4) for -oq, apparently the same as 2, 



(5) for -ik, probably a confounding of nominal and verbal forms. 

 The interrogative and optative agree tolerably well with Greenl., 



and so does still more the infinitive. 



It is an interesting fact, that the negative form with its flexions 

 has maintained the t of the stem , but as for the rest is quite alike 

 the Greenl. 



The scanty sources of information we hitherto have been pos- 

 sessed of with regard to the GRAMMAR OF THE WESTERN DIALECTS, 

 have received a valuable addition by a list of flexional forms added 



