21 



the ruins of villages and winter huts along the sea shore and 

 in the interior. On the point where the station was etablished 

 were mounds, marking the site of three huts dating back to the 

 time when men talked like dogs (as their tradition says) .... 

 The fact of our finding a pair of wooden goggles twenty six 

 feet below the surface of the earth in the shaft sunk for earth 

 temperatures, points conclusively to the great lapse of time 

 since these shores were first peopled by the race of man-. 



Even the present distribution of the races constituting the 

 population of Alaska still exhibits a striking likeness to the 

 probable state of the same during the supposed existence of the 

 culture home. It has been a well known fact that in this country 

 Eskimo were found also in the interior, independent of the sea 

 as regards their mode of subsistance, but not before now have 

 their numbers and distribution been more distinctly given through 

 a regular census (1884). According to this the population of 

 Alaska is composed as follows: Arctic division, 3094 Eskimo, of 

 whom 800 live in the interior; the Yukon territory, 4276 Eskimo, 

 of whom 1343 live along the river unto its delta, besides of 

 2557 Indians, and 500 Eskimo on the island ef St. Lorenz; the 

 Kuskokwim division, 8036 Eskimo, mostly in the interior, and 

 500 Indians; the Aleut division, 1890 Aleuts, 479 Creoles; 

 Kadjak division, 2211 Eskimo, 1190 Indians, 917 Creoles; 

 southeastern division, 230 Creoles, 7225 Indians. These num- 

 bers corroborate the interresting intelligence given already by 

 the Russians (1839: Wasiljef and Glasunow) concerning a popul- 

 ation of several thousands of such inland Eskimo inhabiting 

 the south eastern part of Alaska traversed by ihe Kuskokwim 

 river and its tributaries. Not less striking are the discoveries 

 made in northern Alaska by Capt. Healy and Lieut. Cantwell in 

 1884. Their report has at once thrown light upon the nature 

 of this north western corner of America, its inhabitance and 

 the remarkable trading intercourse between the Eskimo of the 

 western and the northern shores by the inland Eskimo as 



