28 



tapering toward the end; the point was slanting on one side so 

 as to form almost an oblique cone, thus it facilitated the sepa- 

 ration of the harpoon head from the unang. On the opposite 

 end of the shaft another piece of ivory was attached, generally 

 forming a knob. In Alaska he says, a similar harpoon is in 

 use. The head belonging to the unang is called naulang. To 

 this the harpoon line, iperang is fastened. As soon as a strain 

 is put on the naulang it parts with the line from the shaft. 

 The point of the kayak harpoon, tokang , is larger and stouter 

 than the naulang. 



Cranz (1770) says about the Labradorians that besides the 

 five spears used in Greenland they have an unjak with three 

 points for birds. Their kajaks are more clumsy than those in 

 Greenland, and they are less expert in handling them. 



(4) LONG VOYAGES OF THE ESKIMO. I know, says Rae 

 (Nature 1872), the American Eskimo go several hnndred miles 

 in one season either north or south, if the game moves away, 

 and the trespassers are only stopped by some of their own 

 countrymen who have had previous occupation. In Repulse 

 Bay 1853 we found no natives where a large number had 

 wintered in 1846 47. In spring 1854 we found that none 

 had wintered within 200 miles from our winter quarters. 



(5) CAPE BATHCRST. When for the purpose of obtaining 

 a proper view of the Eskimo tribes we have divided them into 

 the Eastern and Western, determining Cape Bathurst as the 

 boundary line, it was not intended thereby to demonstrate any 

 difference between the nearest tribes on both sides of the same 

 particularly greater than that existing between several other 

 neighbouring tribes of the nation. The change on the whole, 

 traceable in going from the Extreme West to the Extreme East, 

 as we have tried to show, has the appearance of being quite 

 gradual. But as regards the present intercourse, certainly a more 

 than usually sudden interruption can be said to exist between 

 the inhabitants on both sides of the said limit. 



