RANUNCULACEAE n 



Dasytes flavipes F. ; 4. Malachius bipustulatus F., devouring the anthers, {d) 

 fordellidae : 5. Anaspis rufilabris Gyll., po-dvg. (e) Scarabaeidae : 6. Phyllopertha 

 )rticola Z., gnawing the flower. B. Diptera. (a) Bibionidae: 7. Bibio hor- 

 llanus Z., getting nothing, (b) Empidae : 8. Rhamphomyia sp. : 9. Tachydromia 

 >nnexa Mg. (c) Muscidae: 10. Anthomyia sp., po-dvg. ; 11. Calliphora vomitoria 

 12. Chlorops hypostigma Mg. {d) Syrphidae: 13. Ascia podagrica F.\ 14. 

 Eristalis arbustorum Z., freq. ; 15. E. nemorum Z., freq. ; 16. E. tenax Z., freq.: 

 17. Helophilus floreus Z. ; 18. Pipiza funebris Mg. ; 19. Rhingia rostrata Z. ; 

 20. Syritta pipiens Z., freq. ; all hover-flies, eagerly po-dvg. C. Hymenoptera. 

 Apidae: 21. Apis mellifica Z., po-cltg., freq., also skg. 



Schulz also observed bees, flies, and more rarely beetles. 



The flower mechanism agrees in the main with that of the next species. 



23. A. nemorosa L. (Sprengel, 'Entd. Geh.,' p. 292; Hua, 'Anemone 

 nemorosa Z. var. anandra,' Bui. soc. bot., Paris, xxxvi, 1889; Herm. Muller, 

 'Fertilisation/ p. 72, 'Weit. Beob.,' I, p: 314; Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' 

 p. 260 : Webster, ' Change of colour in . . . Anemone nemorosa,' J. Bot., London, 

 xxv, 1887; MacLeod, Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1894; Knuth, ' Bloe- 

 menbiol. Bijdragen.') The flowers are considerably smaller than those of the 

 last species, and insect-visits are consequently distinctly fewer in number. 



The flowers are generally white, marked externally with reddish lines, seldom 

 entirely red, and very rarely blue. The stamens at first project beyond the stigmas, 

 so that the latter are protected from contact. Later on the stamens bend outwards, 

 and as both they and the stigmas are now liable to be touched by visitors, either 

 cross- or self-pollination may take place. Should insect-visits fail, the inclined 

 position of the flower enables pollen to fall upon the stigma, thus ensuring autogamy. 

 Hua observed flowers with reduced stamens. 



In the pheasantry at Treskow, Warnstorf (Verh. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxviii. 

 1896, p. 16) observed white flowers of two different sizes, 35 mm. and 20 mm. 

 in diameter, respectively. The perianth leaves of the former are tinged with pale 

 violet on their under-side, while those of the latter are yellowish green underneath. 

 The peduncle of the large-flowered form attains a length of over 30 mm., but that of 

 the small-flowered form is only about 25 mm. long. The flowers are all slightly 

 protogynous : their inner and outer stamens are shorter than the middle ones, which 

 are inclined over the gynoecium, so that self-pollination is easy. The anthers dehisce 

 very irregularly. Pollen white, ellipsoidal to rounded tetrahedral, very finely tuber- 

 culated, about 37 p long and 25 fx. broad. 



Visitors. Hermann Muller (H. M.) and myself (Kn.) have observed pollen- 

 collecting bees, and pollen-devouring flies more particularly. A. Coleoptera. 

 (a) Mordellidae: 1. Anaspis frontalis Z., po-dvg. (H. M.); 2. Mordellistena pumila 

 Gyll. (H. M.). {b) Nitidulidae : 3. Meligethes, po-dvg. (Kn., Kiel and Wiesbaden ; 

 H. M., numerous in the bases of the flowers). B. Diptera. (a) Muscidae: 

 4. Scatophaga merdaria Z., po-dvg. (Kn., Kiel and Wiesbaden ; H. M.); 5. S. ster- 

 coraria Z., po-dvg. (as preceding), {b) Syrphidae : 6. Eristalis tenax Z., nect-skg., 

 po-dvg. (as preceding). C. Hymenoptera. Apidae : 7. Andrena albicans Mull. 5, 

 po-dvg. (Kn., Wiesbaden ; H. M.) ; 8. A. fulvicrus K. % po-dvg. (H. M.) ; 9. A. 

 parvula K. }, po-dvg. (H. M.); 10. Apis mellifica Z. 5 (Kn., Kiel and Wiesbaden; 

 H. M.). H. M. observed that the honey-bee not only collects pollen, but also sucks, 

 boring with its proboscis into the base of the flower, so as to obtain the sap which 

 it requires for moistening the pollen. 11. Bombus terrester Z. 5, po-cltg. (H. M.); 



