RANUNCULACEAE 25 



that they agree 'with each other in their habitat, in the conspicuousness of their 

 flowers, and therefore also in the insects which visit them .... I have even noticed 

 the hive-bee, which in general keeps strictly to one species of flower, passing from 

 Ranunculus acris to R. repens and R. bulbosus, or vice versa, without any distinction.' 

 ('Fertilisation,' p. 76.) 



Visitors. On the North Frisian islands I have noticed the following for these 

 three species. Small bees, 7 hover-flies, 2 Muscidae, one butterfly, one beetle. 

 Also the following in Schleswig-Holstein (S-H.), Helgoland (H.), Thuringia (Th.), 

 and Riigen (R.). A. Coleoptera. Nitidulidae: 1. Meligethes sp. (S-H.). B. 

 Diptera. (a) Muscidae : 2. Anthomyia sp. (S-H., Th.) ; 3. Aricia basalis Zett. (Th.) ; 

 4. A. incana Wied. (S-H.); 5. Coelopa frigida Fall. (H.) ; 6. Fucellia fucorum Fall. 

 (H.); 7. Homalomyia scalaris F. $ (H.); 8. Small Muscids, freq. (H., S-H.). 

 (b) Syrphidae: 9. Chrysogaster macquarti Loew (S-H.) ; 10. Eristalis arbustorum 

 Z. 5, skg. (S-H., R.); 11. E. tenax Z. (S-H.); 12. Helophilus pendulus L. (S-H.); 

 13. Melanostoma mellina L. (S-H.); 14. Syritta pipiens L. (S-H.); 15. Syrphus 

 cumulatus Mgn. (Th.); 16. S. sp. (S-H.). C. Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae: 

 17. Short-tongued bees (S-H.). (b) Vespidae: 18. Vespa salonica F. 5 (Th.). 

 D. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera: 19. Lycaena semiargus Rott (S-H.) ; 20. Leuco- 

 phasia sinapis L. (S-H.). 



MacLeod observed in Flanders : Apis, 1 2 short-tongued Hymenoptera, 1 2 

 hover-flies, 1 1 other flies, 2 Lepidoptera, and 2 beetles (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, 

 vi. 1894, pp. 176-7). 



By far the largest number of visitors has been observed by Hermann Miiller 

 (H. M.) in Westphalia, and his friend Dr. Buddeberg (Budd.) in Nassau. The 

 following list gives the results of their observations, along with a few made by 

 Borgstette (Borg.) in Tecklenburg. 



A. Coleoptera. (a) Buprestidae : 1. Anthaxia nitidula Z. (H. M., Budd.). 

 (b) Cerambycidae : 2. Strangalia nigra Z. (H. M.), gnawing the flowers, (c ) Chryso- 

 melidae : 3. Cryptocephalus sericeus Z. (H. M.), as the last ; 4. Galleruca nymphaeae 

 Z. (H. M.) ; 5. Prasocuris glabra Hbst. (H. M.), gnawing the flowers, (d) Cis/elidae : 

 6. Cistela murina Z. (H. M.), as the last. (<?) Coccinellidae : 7. Micraspis duodecim 

 punctata Z., vainly skg. (H. M.). {/) Curculionidae : 8. Bruchus sp., nect-lkg. 

 (H. M.). (g) Dermestidae : 9. Byturus fumatus F., po-dvg., freq. (H. M.). {h) Elate- 

 ridae : 10. Limonius cylindricus Payk., nect-lkg. (H. M.). (*') Malacodermata : 

 11. Malachius aeneus Z. (H. M.), and 12. M. bipustulatus F., both devouring anthers 

 (H. M.); 13. Trichodes apiarius Z., po-dvg. (H. M.). (k) Mordellidae : 14. Mordella 

 aculeata Z. (H. M.); 15. M. pusilla Dej. (H. M.). (/) Nitidulidae : 16. Meligethes 

 brassicae Scop., po-dvg. (H. M.); 17. M. sp., very freq., skg. and po-dvg. (H. M.). 

 (m) Oedemeridae : 18. Oedemera virescens Z., freq. (n) Siaphylinidae : 19. Tachy- 

 porus solutus Er. ; 20. Anthobium minutum F., very freq., Teutob. Wald. 



B. Diptera. (a) Asilidae: 21. Dioctria atricapilla Mg. (Borg.). (b) Empidae: 

 22. Empis stercorea Z., skg. (H. M.) ; 23. E. tessellata F., skg. (H. M.); 24. Rham- 

 phomyia umbripennis Mg., skg. (H. M.). (r) Muscidae: 25. Anthomyia sp. (H. M.); 

 26. Calobata cothurnata Pz. (H. M.); 27. Cyrtoneura caerulescens Meg., skg. (H.M.). 

 (d) Slratiomyidae : 28. Odontomyia tigrina F., skg. (H. M.). (<?) Syrphidae: 29. 

 Cheilosia albitarsis Mg., freq., skg. and po-dvg. (H. M.); 30. C. pubera Zett., 

 po-dvg., in large numbers (H. M.); 31. C. schmidtii Zett., skg. and po-dvg. (H. M.); 

 32. C. vidua Mg., skg. and po-dvg. (H.M., Budd.); 33. Chrysochlamys ruficornis F., 

 po-dvg. (H. M.) ; 34. Chrysogaster macquarti Loew (H. M.) ; 35. C. viduata Z., 

 very freq., skg. and po-dvg. (H. M.) ; 36. Chrysotoxum arcuatum ., skg. and 

 po-dvg. (H. M.) ; 37. C. festivum Z., skg. (H. M.) ; 38. Eristalis arbustorum Z. 

 (H.M.); 39. E. nemorum Z. (H. M.); 40. E. sepulcralis Z. (H. M.), and 41. E. 



