34 ANGIOSPERMAEDICOTYLEDONES 



75. C. palustris L. (Knuth, 'Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' p. 147; 

 Sprengel, ' Entd. Geh.,' p. 298; Herm. Muller, 'Fertilisation,' pp. 79-80, 'Weit. 

 Beob.,' p. 322, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 135-6; Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 270; 

 Beyer, ' D. spont. Bewegungen d. Staubgefasse u. Stempel ' ; Schulz, Beitrage,' 



11, p. 179; Haussknecht, Mitt, geogr. Ges., Jena, vi, 1887.) In the large egg-yolk 

 yellow flowers which spread out in the sunshine to a surface 4 cm. across nectar 

 is so abundant that the drops from adjacent nectaries (Fig. 10) run together. 

 Although stamens and carpels mature simultaneously, cross-pollination is favoured, for 

 the anthers dehisce extrorsely and mature centripetally. In addition to the ordinary 

 plants with homogamous hermaphrodite blossoms, stocks with purely male flowers 

 have been observed in France and the Tyrol. In the Scandinavian highlands the 

 flowers are sometimes only 2 cm. in diameter, and Lindman states that in that region 

 they possess a slight odour, suggestive of gutta-percha. According to Ekstam, the 

 diameter of the flowers is 10-36 mm. in Nova Zemlia. Haussknecht observes that 

 large-flowered forms predominate in Thuringia, and small-flowered ones in South 

 Germany. Lecoq (' Geographic botanique de l'Europe,' IV, p. 488) speaks of this 

 species as being andromonoecious (Darwin, 'Different Forms of Flowers,' p. 13). 



Visitors. The following have been observed by 

 Hermann Muller (H. M.) in Westphalia, and myself (Kn.) 

 in Schleswig-Holstein. 



A. Coleoptera. (a) Chrysomelidae: 1. Donacia 

 discolor Hoppe (H. M.); 2. Helodes marginella Z. (H. M.). 

 (6) Curculionidae : 3. Bruchus seminarius Z., nect-lkg. (?), 

 (H.M.). (c) Nitidulidae : 4. Epuraea aestiva Z. (H. M.); 

 5. Meligethes, very freq., skg. and po-dvg. (H. M.). (d) 

 Staphylinidae : 6. Tachyporus hypnorum F., nect-lkg. (?), 

 (H. M.). B. Diptera. (a) Bibionidae : 7. Dilophus vul- 

 fig. 10. CaUha palustris l garis jff g in large numD ers (H. M.). Id) Empidae: 8. 



(after Herm. Mailer). A single 5, , * e> i /tt t\t \ v -c ' /, /TT 



carpel, st, stigma. , nectary Cyrtoma spuria Fall. (H.M.) ; 9. Empis opaca F, skg. (H. 



(with a drop of nectar). M.). {c ) Muscidae : i o. Anthomyia sp., extremely common, 



po-dvg. (H. M., Kn.); n. Aricia serva Mg. (H. M.); 



12. Hydrotaea dentipesZ'. (H.M.); 13. Onesia floralisi?.-Z>.(H.M.); 14. Scatophaga 

 merdaria F. (H. M.); 15. S. stercoraria ., po-dvg. (H.M.). (</) Slratiomyidae: 16. 

 Odontomyia argentata F. (H. M.). (<?) Syrphidae: 17. Ascia podagrica F., po-dvg. 

 (H. M.) ; 18. Cheilosia albitarsis Mg., skg. and po-dvg. (H. M.) ; 19. C. sp., po-dvg. 

 (H.M.) ; 20. C. pubera Zett., po-dvg. (H. M.). 21. Eristalis arbustorum Z., freq., skg. 

 and po-dvg. (Kn., H. M.); 22. E. intricarius Z., skg. and po-dvg. (H. M.); 23. E. 

 nemorum Z., ditto (H.M., Kn.); 24. Melanostoma ambigua Fall. (H.M.); 25. Pipiza 

 tristis .#/. (H.M.); 26. Platycheirus manicatus Mg. (H.M.); 27. Rhingia rostrata Z., 

 po-dvg. (H. M.). C. Hymenoptera. Apidae: 28. Andrena albicans K. $, skg. 

 (H. M.); 29. Apis mellifica Z. 5, very freq., skg. and po-dvg. (H. M., Kn.); 30. 

 Bombus terrester Z. 5, skg. (H. M., Kn.); 31. Osmia rufa Z. S, skg. (H. M.). D. 

 Neuroptera. Perlidae : 32. Perla sp., freq. (H. M.). 



Von Fricken noticed in Westphalia and East Prussia the Chrysomelid 

 Prasocuris hannoverana F. ; Rossler at Wiesbaden the moth Eriocephala cal- 

 thella Z. 



In the Alps, Hermann Muller observed four flies. 



MacLeod noted in Flanders Apis, 3 hover-flies, and 4 Muscidae (Bot. Jaarb. 

 Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1894, p. 182), and in the Pyrenees one of the Muscidae. 



