BERBERIDEAE 57 



L., ditto (H.M., Kn.) ; 15. Helophilus floreus L., ditto (H.M.); 16. H. pendulus L., 

 ditto (H. M., Kn.); 17. Rhingia rostrata Z., ditto (H. M., Kn.) ; 18. Syrphus 

 balteatus Deg., ditto (Kn.). C. Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae: 19. Andrena albicans 

 Milll. $>, ditto (H. M., Kn.); 20. A. fulva Schr. $, tolerably freq., skg. and po-cltg. 

 (H. M.) ; 21. A. fulvicrus K. <j>, in large numbers, skg. (H. M.) ; 22. A. helvola L. &, 

 skg. (H. M.) ; 23. K. praecox Scop. $, ditto (H. M.) ; 24. A. trimmerana K. $, ditto 

 (H. M.) ; 25. Apis mellifica Z. *jj, freq., skg. (H. M., Kn.) ; 26. Bombus pratorum Z. 

 $, skg. (H. M.); 27. B. terrester Z. , ditto, freq. (H. M., Kn.) ; 28. Halictus rubi- 

 cundus Chr. 5, skg. (H. M.). (b) Formicidae: 29. Lasius niger Z. jjj, nect-lkg. 

 (H. M.). (c) Vespidae; 30. Vespa holsatica F. skg. (H. M.) ; 31. V. rufa Z. , 

 ditto (H. M.). 



Hermann Miiller also observed in the Alps 14 flies, 3 beetles, and 9 Lepido- 

 ptera. In the Tyrol, von Dalla Torre noticed the bees Andrena trimmerana K. $, 

 and A. atriceps K. $; to which Kohl adds for the same region the ruby-wasp 

 Ellampus aeneus F. and the true wasp Leionotus nigripes Pz., while Schletterer 

 records Andrena tibialis K.> and A. trimmerana K. Schiner in Austria observed 

 the hover-fly Criorhina berberina F. 



Ricca (' Oss. sulla fecondaz. incroc. d. veget. alp. e subalp.') observed humble- 

 bees and wasps; H. de Vries (Ned. Kruidk. Arch., Nijmegen, see note, p. 23, 1887) 

 records Apis mellifica Z. Ijf, as a very common visitor in the Netherlands. 



In Dumfriesshire (Scott-Elliot, ' Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 7) were observed 

 2 humble-bees, one of the short-tongued Apidae, and 2 hover-flies. 



116. B. aquifolium Pursh ( = Mahonia aquifolium Nutt.). This is an orna- 

 mental shrub indigenous to North America. Its flowers agree in structure with those 

 of the last species. 



Visitors. I have observed Syrphids (Eristalis tenax Z., Syrphus ribesii Z., 

 Rhingia rostrata Z.), the honey-bee, Andrena albicans Mull. 5, and 2 humble-bees 

 (Bombus terrester Z. $>, and B. lapidarius Z. 5); also a few Muscids. All skg. 

 Schletterer noted at Pola 2 of the Apidae (1. Bombus terrester Z., ' from Christmas- 

 time till the end of January'; and 2. Xylocopa violacea Z.). 



30. Epimedium L. 



Protogynous flowers with concealed nectar. The blood-red petals serve to 

 attract insects. The cup-shaped nectaries which make up a corona are yellow, 

 and possess a short protuberance secreting nectar. 



117. E. alpinum L. (Kerner, 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. 1, II, p. 234; Loew, 

 'Bliitenbiol. Floristik,' p. 182; Knuth, ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen.') The anthers 

 dehisce by valves, which come together above the already mature stigma, though 

 they cannot pollinate it, as the flowers are pendulous in this stage. The blossoms 

 become erect later on, and pollen can now fall on the stigma. Automatic self- 

 pollination is ensured by elongation of the pistil till it comes into contact with 

 the anthers. 



According to Warnstorf, the pollen is yellow, ellipsoidal, covered with delicate 

 papillae, and on the average 43 ^ long, and 31 fx broad. 



Visitors. On May 2, 1896, I had the opportunity of watching the honey-bee 

 visiting and pollinating this interesting flower in the Botanic Garden of the Kiel 



