5 8 ANGIOSPERMAE DICOTYLEDON ES 



Ober-Realschule. It went in a methodical way all round the flower and sucked 

 the nectaries in succession. On alighting it touched the stigma which projected 

 to a distance of i mm. and dusted it with pollen brought from another flower. 

 While the bee was sucking nectar a fresh supply of pollen adhered to its ventral 

 surface. 



118. E. pinnatum Fisch. (Loew, ' Blutenbiol. Beitrage,' I, p. 5.) This species 

 indigenous to Persia and the Caucasus is protogynous in the Berlin Botanic 

 Garden. It agrees in structure though not in size and colour with E. alpinum. 



Visitors. Loew observed Osmia rufa, L., skg. 



119. E. macranthum Lindl. According to Loew's investigations (' Blutenbiol. 

 Beitrage/ I, p. 6) in the Berlin Botanic Garden, this flower has long thin spurs, 

 which conceal the nectar in such a way that bees with a long proboscis are the 

 most likely pollinators. 



120. E. violaceum Morr. et Decne. This is similar in structure to the last 

 species, with which it is perhaps identical (Loew, ' Blutenbiol. Beitrage,' I, p. 6). 



iai. E. rubrum Morr. (Loew, ' Blutenbiol. Beitrage,' I, p. 6.) Like the two 

 preceding species this is indigenous to Japan. Its flowers have a relatively thick 

 spur, and like those of the other species are protogynous. 



Visitors. Loew observed Bombus agrorum, F. $>, skg., in the Berlin Botanic 

 Garden. 



31. Podophyllum L. 



Pollen flowers devoid of nectar and nectar-guides. 



122. P. Emodi Wall. (Loew, ' Blutenbiol. Beitrage,' I, p. 8.) This Himalayan 

 species is probably pollinated by visitors which settle on the stigma, and then pass 

 on to the stamens in order to collect pollen. Cross-pollination must result from 

 a visit to a second flower. As the stigma projects above the anthers, automatic 

 self-pollination is excluded. 



123. P. peltatum L. (Loew, ' Blutenbiol. Beitrage,' I, p. 9.) The number of 

 floral members of this North American species frequently varies. The stamens 

 project even in the bud. 



32. Achlys DC. 



124. A. triphylla DC. According to Calloni (Arch. Sci. Phys., Geneve, 

 xviii, 1886), this plant possesses three kinds of flowers in every inflorescence: the 

 lower are barren, the middle are in part fertile, the upper ones are all fertile. 



33. Akebia Decne. 



125. A. quinata Des. According to Francke ('Einige Beitr. z. Kennt d. 

 Bestaubungseinricht. d. Pfl.,' Inaug.-Diss., Freiburg i. Br., Halle, 1883), cross- 

 pollination is effected either by the wind or by insects. The female flowers are 

 developed long before the male ones. 





