62 ANG10SPERMAEDIC0TYLED0NES 



with a strong tendency to autogamy, for both kinds of sexual organ mature in 

 the bud, and the stamens bend toward the stigmas when the flower opens. The 

 latter are 4-7 in number in Greenland (Abromeit, 'Bot. Ergeb. v. Drygalski's 

 Gronlands exped.,' p. 29). 



Visitors. In Nova Zemlia flies were observed by Ekstam, who also noticec 

 a small po-dvg. fly on the flowers in Spitzbergen, at a height of iooo' above the 

 sea-level. 



Alfken saw at Bremen the following pollen-collecting Apidae on garden 

 plants. 



1. Andrena albicans Mull. $; 2. A. nigro-aenea K. j; 3. A. nitida Fourcr. $; 

 4. A. parvula K. 9; 5. Osmia rufa L. 5. All po-cltg. 



133. P. Rhoeas L. (Heim. Miiller, 'Fertilisation,' 93-4, ' Weit. Beob.,' I, 323; 

 Hoffmann, 'Bot. Ztg./ Leipzig, xxxvi, 1878, p. 290; Beyer, 'D. spont. Bewegungen 

 d. Staubgefasse u. Stempel'; Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 277; Knuth, 'Bl. u. 

 Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' pp. 22, 148.) The petals are scarlet, with a black patch 

 at the base. Even in the bud the numerous stamens are mature, so that the pollen- 

 covered anthers come into contact with the lower parts of the flattened but already 

 mature stigmas, and dust them with pollen. Hoffmann states, however, that this 

 inevitable automatic self-pollination is ineffective. After the flowers have opened 

 either cross- or self-pollination may be brought about by insect-visits. Warnstorf 

 (Verh. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxvii, 1895) describes the pollen-grains as grey-green, and 

 spherical or almost spherical when examined in water, very finely granular, with 

 an average of 37-5 //.. 



Visitors. Hermann Miiller (H. H.) in Westphalia, and myself (Kn.) in 

 Schleswig-Holstein, have observed the following. 



A. Coleoptera. (a) Nitidulidae : 1. Meligethes, very freq., po-dvg. (H. M.); 

 (6) Oedemeridae: 2. Oedemera virescens L., po-dvg. (H. M., Thuringia). (c) Scara- 

 baetdae: 3. Oxythyrea funesta Poda, very freq., dvg. the flowers (H. M.). B. Diptera. 

 (a) Empidae : 4. Empis livida L. (H. M.). (d) Muscidae : 5. Ulidia erypthrophthalma 

 Mg. (H. M., Thuringia). (c) Syrphidae: 6. Cheilosia, po-dvg. (H. M.); 7. Syrphus 

 ribesii ., po-dvg. (Kn.) ; 8. S. umbellatarum F., po-dvg. (Kn.). C. Hymenoptera. 

 Apidae: 9. Andrena dorsata K. 9, freq., po-cltg. (H. M.); 10. A. fulvicrus K. 9, freq., 

 po-cltg. (H. M.); 11. Apis mellifica L. tjj (Kn.); 12. Bombus terrester L. (Kn.); 13. 

 B. lapidarius L. 9, and 14. Halictus cylindricus K. 9; all po-cltg. (H. M.); 15. H. 

 flavipes F. 9, freq., po-cltg. (H. M.) ; 1 6. H. leucopus K. 9, po-cltg. (H. M., Thuringia); 

 17. H. longulus Sm. 9, po-cltg. (H. M.); 18. H. maculatus Sm. 9 (H. M.) ; 19. H. 

 sexnotatus K. 9, very freq., po-cltg. (H. M.) ; 20. H. smeathmanellus K. 9, po-cltg. 

 (H. M., Thuringia). D. Orthoptera. 21. Forficula auricularia L. (H. M.). Friese 

 noted in Mecklenburg Osmia papaveris Ltr., occasional ; Schletterer at Pola 

 Eucera longicornis, L.\ MacLeod in the Pyrenees Bombus terrester, Z. 5, po- 

 cltg., also in Flanders 3 hover-flies (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1894, 

 pp. 184-5). 



134. P. Argemone L. (Herm. Miiller, 'Fertilisation,' p. 94; MacLeod, Bot. 

 Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1894, pp. 185-6 ; Knuth, 'Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' 

 pp. 22, 148; Warnstorf, Verh. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxviii, 1896.) The red petals are 

 blotched with black at their bases. The flowers agree in structure with those of 

 the last species, except that the anthers come into contact with a smaller part 

 of the stigmas. Warnstorf describes them as pseudo-cleistogamous, because the 



