64 ANGIOSPERMAEDICOTYLEDONES 



138. P. hybridum L. According to Hoffmann, this species at least in 

 gardens possesses cleistogamous flowers. 



Visitors. Schletterer at Pola observed the bee Halictus calceatus Scop. 



139. P. bracteatum Lindl. 



Visitors. Loew noticed Apis mellifica Z. 5 in the Berlin Botanic Garden, 

 po-cltg., and creeping over the stigma. 



140. P. burseri Crantz. 



Visitors. In the Berlin Botanic Garden, Loew noticed a long-tongued bee 

 (Osmia rufa L. 5, po-cltg.). 



40. Glaucium Tourn. 



Homogamous or slightly protogynous pollen flowers, devoid of odour, and red 

 or yellow in colour. 



141. G. flavum Crantz (=G. luteum Sm). (Kerner, 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. 

 Ed. 1, II, p. 310; Kirchner, 'Beitrage,' p. 19; Knuth, 'Bliitenbiol. Herbstbeob.') 

 The large citron-yellow petals fall off on the second day of flowering. The 

 stigma which Kerner says develops somewhat earlier than the anthers projects 

 a little beyond the stamens, so that automatic self-pollination is prevented. 



Visitors. On cultivated plants at Kiel I observed as pollinating agents numerous 

 individuals of a hover-fly species (Syrphus ribesii L.), po-dvg., and also several butter- 

 flies (Vanessa Io Z., and Rhodocera rhamni Z.), vainly searching for nectar. 

 Kirchner at Hohenheim noticed the honey-bee and Thrips ; while Loew at 

 Bellagio saw Xylocopa violacea Z. 5, po-cltg. In Dumfriesshire (Scott-Elliot, ' Flora 

 of Dumfriesshire,' p. 9) there have been recorded 2 Muscidae, a hover-fly, and 

 Meligethes. 



142. G. corniculatum Curt. (= G. phoeniceum Crantz). (Kerner, op. cit, 

 p. 213; Knuth, op. cit.) The flower is bright red, with a black patch on the base 

 of each petal. Its structure is the same as in the last species. 



Visitors. In the case of cultivated plants growing beside those of the last 

 species, the visitors to the two were identical. 



41. Chelidonium L. 



Homogamous pollen flowers with yellow petals. 



143. C. majus L. (Sprengel, Entd. Geh.,' p. 271 ; Herm. Muller, ' Fertilisation,' 

 p. 94, ' Weit. Beob.,' I, p. 323 ; Hildebrand, 'Die Geschlechtsvert. b. d. Pfl.,' p. 60; 



Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart/ p. 279; Knuth, ' Bliiten- 

 biol. Herbstbeob.,' ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen ' ; Warns- 

 torf, Verh. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxvii, 1896.) The flowers 

 open in sunny weather. The anthers dehisce laterally, 

 and the stigma matures simultaneously. As the latter 

 projects somewhat beyond the stamens, cross-pollination 

 is effected by insects coming from other flowers of the 

 Fig. 22. chelidonium majus, l. same species, and alighting in the centre of the flower, 



(after Hildebrand). The stigma pro- , ., . -. . , , x , , , 



jects beyond the anthers. while insects settling on the edge of the blossom may 







