CRUCIFERAE 95 



Visitors. The following were observed by H. Miiller (H. M.), Borgstette (B.), 

 and myself (Kn.). 



A. Coleoptera. (a) Curculionidae : 1. A minute sp. of Ceutorhynchus (H. M.). 



(b) Dermestidae : 2. Byturus fumatus F., very freq., po-dvg. and skg. (?) (H. M.). 



(c) Nitidulidae : 3. Epuraea (H. M.) ; 4. Meligethes, freq. (H. M.). B. Diptera. 



(a) Bibionidae : 5. Dilophus vulgaris Mg. $, skg. (?) (H. M .). (b) Empidae : 6. Empis 

 nigricans Mg., freq., skg. (H. M.) ; 7. E. punctata^., skg. (H. M.). (c) Muscidae: 

 8. Anthomyia, skg. (H. M.); 9. Sepsis sp. (H. M.). (d) Syrphidae: 10. Rhingia 

 rostrata L., skg. (H. M.); 11. Syrphus decorus Mg. (B.). C. Hymenoptera. 

 Apidae: 12. Andrena nitida Fourc. 5, skg. (H. M.); 13. Apis mellifica L. , skg. 

 (H.M., Kn.). 



Rossler noted a Tineid Adela rufinitrella Scop. at Wiesbaden. 

 Verhoeff saw the following in Norderney. 



A. Coleoptera. (a) Nitidulidae: 1. Meligethes brassicae Scop, (b) Staphy- 

 linidae: 2. Tachyporus obtusus L. B. Diptera. (a) Muscidae : 3. Anthomyia sp. 



(b) Syrphidae : 4. Platycheirus peltatus Mg. one $, po-dvg. C. Lepidoptera. (a) 

 Tineidae : 5. Adela cuprella Thbg. 5. 



Ducke noted Andrena tscheki Mor. $> at Trieste. 



In Dumfriesshire a beetle, an Empid, 2 Muscidae, and 2 hover-flies have been 

 recorded (Scott-Elliot, 'Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 14). 





63. Bray a Sternb. et Hoppe. 

 Small yellow or white flowers with half-concealed nectar. 



222. B. alpina Sternb. (Kerner, 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. 1, II, p. 248.) As 

 in Malcolmia, the insects are kept on the right path to the nectar by two groups 

 of erect stiff-pointed bristles on the ovary, with the result that they necessarily 

 touch the pollen-covered anthers with their head or proboscis. The stigma matures 

 before the stamens, and is visible as soon as the petals of the opening bud separate 

 a little. In Nova Zemlia according to Ekstam the odourless flowers are homo- 

 gamous or slightly protogynous-homogamous. Self-pollination is possible. 



223. B. purpurascens R. Br. According to Andersson and Hesselman 

 {'Bidrag till Kanned. om Spetsbergens o. Beeren Eil. Karlvaxtflora,' p. 34), this 

 species blooms in Spitzbergen from the beginning of July till the end of August, 

 and the fruits apparently ripen during the latter month. 



64. Erysimum L. 



Flowers yellow, homogamous or protogynous, with half-concealed nectar. 

 Nectaries two or four. 



224. E. cheiranthoides L. (Herm. Miiller, ' Weit. Beob.,* II, pp. 203-4 ; 

 Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 295.) Two of the four nectaries are vestigial, and 

 are situated between the roots of the pairs of long stamens, while the two functional 

 ones are on the inner sides of the bases of the short stamens. These produce so 

 much nectar that it fills on either side the space between the bases of the short 

 stamen, adjacent long stamen, and pistil. All the anthers turn their dehisced 

 pollen -covered surfaces towards the centre, but the short stamens curve outwards, 

 so as to free the approach to the nectar, and make cross-pollination by insect- 



