120 ANGIOSPERMAEDICOTYLEDONES 



flowered on the Yorkshire coast soon after the rigorous weather of January and 

 February, 1895, possessed only reduced stamens, and it was not till the beginning 

 of April that hermaphrodite flowers appeared. After the mild winter of 1896 the 

 first plants were female, but hermaphrodite ones were seen towards the end of March. 

 The female flowers had an average diameter of 3 mm., so that in Yorkshire they do 

 not exceed the hermaphrodite ones in size, though Breitenbach (Kosmos, Lw6w, 

 iii, 1878, p. 206) observed larger female flowers in Germany. 



It was also noticed by Warnstorf that the stamens are frequently reduced in the 

 first flowers that appear at Ruppin : later in the season only hermaphrodite flowers 

 are found with anthers at the same level as the stigma, making self-pollination 

 inevitable. Anna Bateson (' Effect of cross-fertlsn. on inconspicuous fls.') determined 

 by culture experiments that the plants produced by crossing are not noticeably larger 

 than those resulting from self-pollination, but they are somewhat heavier, the relative 

 weights being as 100 : 88. 



Visitors. Hermann Miiller in Westphalia (H. M.), Buddeberg (Budd.) in 

 Nassau, and myself (Kn.), have observed the following. 



A. Coleoptera. Morddlidae : 1. Anaspis rufilabris Gyll. (H. M.). B. Diptera. 

 (a) Muscidae : 2. Anthomyia, skg. (H. M.). (b) Syrphidae : 3. Ascia podagrica F., 

 skg. (H. M.) ; 4. Chrysotoxum bicinctum Z., po-dvg. (Budd.) ; 5. Eristalis nemorum 

 Z., skg. and po-dvg. (H. M.); 6. E. sp., ditto (Kn.); 7. Melithreptus pictus Mg., skg. 

 and po-dvg. (H. M.) ; 8. M. scriptus Z., ditto (H. M.) ; 9. M. taeniatus Mg., ditto 

 (H. M.); 10. Syritta pipiens Z., ditto (H. M., Kn. in Helgoland); 11. Syrphus 

 balteatus Deg., ditto (H. M.). C. Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae: 12. Prosopis pictipes 

 Nyl. S, skg. (Budd.); 13. P. bipunctata F. J, skg. (Budd.). (b) Sphegidae : 14. Sapyga 

 clavicornis Z., skg. (Budd.). D. Lepidoptera. Tineidae: 15. Adela violella Tr n 

 skg. (H. M.). E. Thysanoptera : 16. Thrips, freq. (H. M.). 



Schmiedeknecht noticed the bee Andrena distinguenda Schenck in Thuringia, and 

 Alfken saw A. flavipes Pz. 5, skg., at Bremen. Verhoeff observed the following in 

 Baltrum. 



Diptera. (a) Muscidae: 1. Anthomyia sp. ; 2. Cynomyia mortuorum Z. (6) 

 Syrphidae : 3. Syritta pipiens, Z., po-dvg. and skg. 



Von Dalla Torre noticed the bee Andrena rosae Pz. $ in the Tyrol, where 

 it was also seen by Schletterer. The latter further observed the following at Pola. 



Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae: 1. Andrena parvula K. ; 2. Eucera longicornis 

 Z. ; 3. Halictus malachurus K. (5) Tenthredinidae : 4. Athalia spinarum F. ; 5. A. 

 rosae Z., var. liberta Klug. 



In Dumfriesshire (Scott-Elliot, ' Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 1 8) Apis, a short- 

 tongued bee, 3 hover-flies, and 4 Muscidae have been recorded. 



MacLeod in Flanders observed Apis, 9 short-tongued Hymenoptera, hover- 

 flies, a Muscid, a beetle, and a Lepidopterid (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1894, 

 p. 212), and in the Pyrenees a Muscid and a Lepidopterid (' Pyreneenbl.,' p. 396). 



399. C. pauciflora K. Kirchner (Jahresber. Ver. Nat, Stuttgart, v, 1893, 

 p. 100) states that this species does not secrete nectar in its natural habitat (under 

 overhanging rocks in the South Tyrol). Individual plants cultivated under very 

 favourable circumstances possessed very small dark-green functional nectaries on 

 either side the base of each short stamen. 



