122 ANGIOSPERMAE DICOTYLEDON ES 



from the stigma, and turn their dehisced sides upwards. Insect visitors therefore 



chiefly effect cross-pollination. 



Visitors. On garden plants at Kiel I observed the following. 



A. Diptera. Syrphidae: i. Syritta pipiens L., skg. B. Hymenoptera. 



Apidae: 2. Andrena parvula-ff". 5, skg.; 3. Apis mellifica Z., skg. C. Coleoptera. 



4. Meligethes. 



Loew noticed the following in the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



A. Coleoptera. Telephoridae : 1. Cantharis rusticus Fall. B. Diptera. (a) 



Bibionidae : 2. Bibio hortulanus Z., skg. (b) Syrphidae : 3. Eristalis nemorum Z., skg. 



94. Myagrum Tourn. 



Small, yellow, homogamous flowers, with half-concealed nectar. Two functional 

 and two vestigial nectaries. 



304. M. perfoliatum L. Kirchner ('Flora v. Stuttgart/ p. 313) says that 

 the flower possesses a well-developed nectary internal to the base of each short 

 stamen, while the nectaries belonging to the longer stamens are only represented 

 by narrow green stripes. Automatic self-pollination is possible and effective. 



Visitors. Schletterer observed the following Apidae at Pola. 



1. Andrena carbonaria Z. ; 2. A. deceptoria Schmiedekn.; 3. A. flavipes Pz. ; 

 4. A. lucens Imh. ; 5. A. morio Brull. ; 6. A. parvula K. ; 7. Halictus levigatus iT. ; 

 8. H. quadricinctus F. ; 9. H. scabiosae fiossi. 





95. Neslia Desv. 

 Small, yellow, homogamous flowers, with half-concealed nectar. Two nectaries 



305. N. paniculata Desv. Kirchner ('Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 314) states that 

 the two nectaries are but feebly represented by small swellings, upon which the short 

 stamens are seated. All the anthers turn their dehisced sides towards the stigma. 

 Automatic self-pollination is easily possible, for, according to Warnstorf (Verh. bot. 

 Ver., Berlin, xxxviii, 1896), the anthers project a little beyond the stigma. The 

 same authority (op. cit., xxxvii, 1895) describes the pollen-grains as pale yellow, 

 ellipsoidal, finely papillated, about 31 fx long and 25 fx broad. 



96. Bunias L. 



Yellow, homogamous flowers, with half-concealed nectar. Two nectaries. 



306. B. orientalis L. The golden-yellow odorous flowers, which are aggre- 

 gated into large inflorescences, possess but two nectaries, according to Kirchner 

 ('Flora v. Stuttgart,' pp. 314-15). These are placed on the inner sides of the short 

 stamens, and their secretion is scanty. The diameter of the flowers is 11 mm. 

 The anthers of the long stamens project beyond the stigma and turn their dehisced 

 sides upwards. Those of the two short stamens are at about the same level as 

 the stigma, but curve outwards away from it, and remain perpendicular. They 

 dehisce somewhat later than the anthers of the long stamens, and their dehisced 

 sides are directed inwards. It follows that either cross- or self-pollination may result 

 from insect-visits. Automatic self-pollination takes place by the fall of pollen from 



