124 ANGIOSPERMAEDICOTYLEDONES 



16. Apis mellifica Z. ; 17. Bombus lapidarius L. ; 18. Halictus calceatus Scop. D. 

 Lepidoptera. (a) Noduidae : 19. Plusia gamma Z. (b) Rhopalocera'. 20. Epinephele 

 janira Z. ; 21. Hipparchia hyperanthus Z. ; 22. Pieris napi L. ; 23. P. rapae L. ; 

 24. Vanessa urticae Z. (<:) Zygaenidae : 25. Zygaena filipendulae Z. ; all skg. 



On the dunes of Helgoland where there are no bees I noticed the following 

 on July 9, 1895. 



A. Coleoptera. (a) Coccinellidae : 1. Coccinella septempunctata Z. (b) Oede- 

 meridae'. 2. Nacerdes melanura Z. (c) Telephoridae : 3. Psilothrix cyaneus 01. 

 ( = Dolichosoma nobilis Rossi). B. Diptera. (a) Syrphtdae: 4. Syrphus arcuatus 

 Fall. 5 and $ ; 5. S. pyrastri Z. 5 and S ; 6. Eristalis tenax Z. ; 7. E. sp. (b) Muscidae : 

 8. Calliphora vomitoria Z. J. C. Lepidoptera. Noduidae : 9. Plusia gamma Z. 

 All the insects very freq., the beetles po-dvg., the flies and moth skg. nectar. 



Alfken and Leege recorded the following from Juist. 



A. Diptera. Syrphtdae: 1. Syritta pipiens Z. B. Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae: 

 1. Bombus lapidarius and J, very freq., skg.; 2. B. lucorum Z. $ and J, very freq., 

 skg. ; 3. B. ruderatus F. $, infrequent, skg. ; 4. B. terrester Z. 5, skg. ; 5. Psithyrus 

 rupestris F. J, freq., skg.; 6. P. vestalis Fourcr. J, freq., skg. (6) Chrysididae: 

 7. Chrysis ignita Z. (c) Scoliidae : 8. Tiphia femorata Zl (<f) Pomptlidae : 9. Pompilus 

 chalybeatus Schjodte ; 10. P. plumbeus F. C. Lepidoptera. (a) Pieridae : 11. Pieris 

 brassicaeZ.; 12. P. napi Z. (d) Sa/yridae: 13. Hipparchia semele Z., freq. 



Verhoeff observed the following in Norderney. 



A. Coleoptera. (a) Nitidulidae : 1. Meligethes aeneus Z., freq. (3) Scara- 

 baeidae: 2. Phyllopertha horticola Z. B. Diptera. (a) Bombyliidae : 3. Phthiria 

 canescens Low. (b) Syrphtdae : 4. Eristalis arbustorum Z., skg. ; 5. E. intricarius Z., 

 skg. and po-dvg. ; 6. E. tenax Z., one S, skg. and po-dvg. 



MacLeod saw a small nocturnal moth at Blankenberge. 



In Dumfriesshire (Scott-Elliot, ' Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 19) a Muscid and 

 Meligethes have been recorded. 



98. Rapistrum Boerh. 



Yellow, homogamous flowers, with half-concealed nectar. Four nectaries. 



309. R. rugosum Bergt. (Kirchner, ' Beitrage,' pp. 24-5 ; Hildebrand, ' Ver- 

 gleich. Untersuch. ii. d. Saftdr. d. Cruciferen,' p. 25.) Of the four nectaries 

 (figured by Velenovsk^), two are actively secreting swellings on the inner side of 

 the bases of the short stamens : their nectar collects in pouches of the sepals. The 

 two other nectaries are smaller and papilliform. They lie outside and between 

 the long stamens of each pair, and secrete but little. The diameter of the flower 

 is 10 mm.: the erect sepals are 5 mm. long, and hold the claws of the petals 

 which are of equal length in a vertical position. The anthers of the four long 

 stamens are i-i mm. above the entrance of the flower, and the stigma which 

 matures simultaneously is at the same level. Although these anthers turn their 

 dehisced sides outwards they get covered with pollen all round, and are so near 

 the stigma that automatic self-pollination no doubt sometimes occurs. The anthers 

 of the two short stamens only reach the entrance of the flower, where they spread 

 out to some distance from the pistil, thus serving for cross-pollination (Kirchner). 

 The species is almost self-sterile according to Hildebrand (Ber. D. bot. Ges., Berlin, 

 1896). 



