132 ANGIOSPERMAEDICOTYLEDONES 



Warnstorf, Verb. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxvii, 1895, xxxviii, 1896.) The citron-yellow, 

 or more rarely white pollen flowers, expand in the sunshine into a disk of from 

 25 to over 30 mm. in diameter. The numerous stamens radiate from the simul- 

 taneously mature stigma, so as to be tolerably far removed from it. Cross-pollination 

 is consequently effected by insects alighting in the middle of the flower and bringing 

 with them pollen from other blossoms. Even when the flower is half closed the 

 pollen-covered anthers touch the stigma, so that, automatic self-pollination necessarily 

 takes place if insect-visits fail. The flowers close completely at night and during 

 rainy weather. 



Warnstorf describes the flowers as homogamous or protogynous. The thick 

 greenish stigma is often mature before the flower has fully expanded. The pollen- 

 grains are of a beautiful dark yellow colour, biscuit-shaped, with a longitudinal 

 groove, and covered by lines of very delicate tubercles ; about 75 ft long and 

 31 fi broad. 



Visitors. MacLeod observed 7 of the smaller bees, 10 Diptera, 2 Lepidoptera 

 (vainly attempting to suck), and 5 beetles, in the Pyrenees. Hermann Muller saw 5 

 beetles, 19 Diptera, 13 Hymenoptera, and 16 Lepidoptera, in the Alps. Loew noticed 

 a hover-fly Merodon cinereus F. po-dvg. 



Hermann Muller (H. M.) and myself (Kn.) observed the following in Central 

 and North Germany. 



A. Coleoptera. (a) Buprestidae \ 1. Anthaxia nitidula Z. (H. M.); 2. A. 

 quadripunctata Z. (H. M.). (V) Bruchidae : 3. Spermophagus cardui Stev., po-dvg. (?) 

 (H. M.). {c ) Cerambycidae : 4. Strangalia nigra Z., dvg. the anthers (H. M.). (d) Mor- 

 dellidae: 5. Mordella aculeata Z., vainly skg. (H. M.). (e) Oedemeridae : 6. Oedemera 

 virescens Z., po-dvg. (H. M.). (/") Telephoridae : 7. Dasytes plumbeus Mull., po-dvg. 

 (H.M.). B. Diptera. Syrphidae: 8. Ascia podagrica Z., po-dvg. (H.M.); 9. Chryso- 

 toxum fasciolatum Deg., po-dvg. (H. M.); 10. Eristalis nemorum Z., po-dvg. 

 (Kn.); 11. Helophilus pendulus ., po-dvg. (H. M., Kn.); 12. Melithreptus scriptus 

 Z., po-dvg. (H. M.); 13. M. taeniatus Mg., po-dvg. (H. M., Kn.); 14. Merodon 

 aeneus.^., po-dvg. (H.M.); 15. Syrphus pyrastri Z., po-dvg. (H.M.); 16. S. ribesii 

 Z., po-dvg. (H. M., Kn.). C. Hymenoptera. Apidae: 17. Andrena fulvicrus K. % 

 po-cltg. (H. M.); 18. Apis mellifica Z. 5, freq., po-cltg. (H. M., Kn.); 19. Bombus 

 lapidarius Z. $f and 5, po-cltg. (Kn.); 20. B. agrorum F. 5, po-cltg. (H. M.); 21 

 Halictus sp., po-cltg. (Kn.); 22. H. villosulus K. 5, po-cltg. (H. M.); 23. Prosopis 

 annularis Sm. 5 (=P. panzeri F'drst, according to Dalla Torre), po-cltg. (H. M.). 

 D. Lepidoptera. 24. Melithaea athalia Foil., trying to suck on the wing (H. M.). 



Willis (' Fls. and Insects in Gt. Britain,' Part II) observed the Muscid Anthomyia 

 radicum Z., very abundant, po-dvg, on the seaboard of South Scotland. In 

 Dumfriesshire numerous Diptera were recorded (Scott-Elliot, ' Flora of Dumfriesshire,' 

 p. 20). 



Schletterer observed the following Apidae at Pola in the Tyrol : 1. Andrena 

 parvula K. ; 2. Bombus derhamellus K. ; 3. Halictus calceatus Scop. ; 4. H. moric 

 F. ; 5. Melitta melanura Nyl. 



327. H. alpestre DC. (Herm. Miiller, ' Alpenblumen/ pp. 160-2; Kerner 

 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. 1, II, p. 310.) The expanded flower is 12-20 mm. in | 

 diameter, and its mechanism essentially agrees with that of the last species. Mullei 

 describes the plant as homogamous, Kerner as feebly protogynous. The stamens 



