152 



ANGIOSPERMAEDICOTYLEDONES 



Visitors. Loew observed a bee, Prosopis communis NyL, skg., in the Berlin 

 Botanic Garden. 



376. G. repens L. (Herm. Miiller, 'Fertilisation,' p. 128, ' Alpenblumen,' 

 pp. 191-2; Kerner, 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. 1, II, p. 511 ; Ludwig, Bot. Centralbl., 

 Cassel, xxxvi, 1888; Schulz, 'Beitrage,' II, pp. 19-20.) The rose-red flowers vary 

 from slight to marked protandry. Their diameter is scarcely 10 mm., but as the 

 plant forms great plots on the stony declivities of the Alps it is very conspicuous. 

 Nectar is secreted in great abundance. In good weather the visits of insects are, 

 therefore, numerous, so that crossing takes place. Should insect-visits fail, automatic 

 self-pollination obtains in the more unfavourable places. Ludwig observed cases of 

 gynodioecism, and more rarely of gynomonoecism. 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller in the Alps observed chiefly flies (14 species), 

 humble-bees (2), and Lepidoptera (5). A. Schulz noticed a similar set of visitors 

 in the Tyrol, i. e. flies, bees, and Lepidoptera, as well as a few beetles. 



Fig. 45. Gypsophila repens, L. (after Herm. Miiller). A. Flower at the beginning of the first 

 (male) condition. B. Flower at the end of this condition. C. Flower in the second (female) condition, 

 a, anthers ; st, stigma ; n, nectary. 



MacLeod saw a bee and 13 flies in the Pyrenees (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, 

 iii, 1891, pp. 375-6). 



377. G. perfoliata L. 



Visitors. Loew observed the following Syrphids in the Berlin Botanic 

 Garden : 1. Eristalis nemorum Z. ; 2. Syritta pipiens Z. 



378. G. elegans Bilb. This species is protandrous and self-fertile (Comes. 

 ' Stud. s. impoll. in ale. piante'). 



116. Tunica Scop. 



Flowers protandrous or homogamous, with concealed nectar : sometimes gyno- 

 dioecious, rarely gynomonoecious. 



379. T. Saxifraga Scop. Schulz ('Beitrage,' II, pp. 20-1) states that the 

 hermaphrodite flowers vary greatly in size: their diameter from 6-10 mm., and 

 their depth from 4-5^ mm. The five outer stamens first mature, then the five 

 inner ones, and lastly the stigma, at so late a stage that self-pollination is almost 

 completely prevented. As already mentioned by Breitenbach (Kosmos, Stuttgart, xiv. 



