CARYOPHYLLEAE 157 



Hermann Miiller (H. M.) and myself (Kn.) observed the following in Central 

 Germany. 



Lepidoptera. (a) Nociuidae: 1. Plusia gamma Z. (Kn., H. M.), freq., skg. 

 (b) Rhopalocera : 2. Coenonympha arcaniaZ. (H. M.), skg. ; 3. Colias hyale Z. (Kn.) ; 

 4. Hesperia sp. (H. M.), repeatedly; 5. H. lineola 0. (H. M.), very freq., skg.; 6. H. 

 silvanus Esp. (H. M.), do. ; 7. Melanargia galathea Z. (H. M.), skg. ; 8. Polyommatus 

 phlaeas Z. (Kn., M. H.) ; 9. Rhodocera rhamni Z. (Kn., H. M.), freq. ; 10. Syrichthus 

 malvae Z. (H. M.), freq., skg. (c) Sphingidae: 11. Macroglossa stellatarum Z. 

 (H. M.); 12. Zygaena camiolica Scop. (H. M.); 13. Z. lonicerae Esp. (H. M.), skg. 

 freq.; 14. Z. pilosellae Esp. (Kn., H. M.), do.; 15. Z. trifolii Esp. (Kn.), do. 

 All skg. 



As useless visitors Herm. Miiller also observed the following beetles : Oedemera 

 podagrarieae Z. ; Danacea pallipes Pz. ; and Spermophagus cardui Slev.: and 

 Rossler at Wiesbaden saw 2 Lepidoptera, nect-skg., i.e. Ino geryon Hub., and 

 Dianthoecia compta F. 



385. D. chinensis L. This species bears protandrous Lepidopterid flowers. 

 Visitors. Herm. Miiller saw moths Plusia gamma Z., Agrotis pronuba Z., 



Brotolomia meticulosa Z. on the flowers in his garden. 



386. D. barbatus L. This species bears protandrous diurnal Lepidopterid 

 flowers (Sprengel, 'Entd. Geh.,' p. 251). 



Visitors. I observed Macroglossa stellatarum Z. in the gardens of Fohr and 

 Helgoland, and in the latter some butterflies Pieris brassicae Z., Vanessa urticae 

 Z. as well. All skg. 



387. D. sylvestris Wulf. (Herm. Miiller, ' Fertilisation,' p. 1 27, ' Alpenblumen,' 

 pp. 204-5; Schulz, 'Beitrage,' II, pp. 22-3.) This species possesses protandrous 

 diurnal Lepidopterid flowers. They are fragrant and rose-coloured, and expand 

 into a disk 25-35 mm. in diameter. The nectar is so deep according to Schulz 

 as much as 18-25 mm - that it is as much as diurnal Lepidoptera can do to reach 

 it, and Miiller says that a proboscis 18-20 mm. long is required. Otherwise the 

 mechanism of the flower agrees with that of D. deltoides, the other species already 

 described. According to Schulz, the plant is sometimes gynodioecious, more rarely 

 gynomonoecious. 



Visitors. Macroglossa stellatarum Z. has been observed by Miiller in the 

 Suldenthal, and by Schulz at Bozen. 



388. D. atrorubens All. This species bears protandrous diurnal Lepidopterid 

 flowers, of which the dark-red petals are covered with darker hairs and marked with 

 darker spots. The nectar is deeply seated 13-15 mm. according to Miiller, 10- 

 17 mm. according to Schulz and is accessible to many diurnal Lepidoptera. 

 Besides fully-developed protandrous hermaphrodite flowers, Schulz observed some 

 female ones, distributed gynodioeciously, more rarely gynomonoeciously. 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller observed butterflies 4 species, skg. in the Alps, 

 and also Zygaena minos W. V. ( = Z. pilosellae Esp.), vainly trying to reach the 

 nectar. A. Schulz ('Beitrage,' II, p. 22) saw 2 species of Lepidoptera at Bozen 

 in the Tyrol. 



389. D. arenarius L. This species bears protandrous nocturnal hawk-moth 

 flowers (?), the mechanism of which has been described by Kirchner ('Beitrage,' 



