158 ANGIOSPERMAEDICOTYLEDONES 



p. 1 8) from garden specimens. The calyx is 16 mm. in length, and only 2^-3 mm. 

 wide. It closely ensheaths the claws of the white petals, which project about 9 mm. 

 beyond it. The stamens and carpels develop in the usual order. 



Visitors. The deeply seated nectar, and the white colour of the corolla, 

 suggest that the flowers are pollinated by nocturnal hawk-moths. 



390. D. monspessulanus L. According to Schulz ('Beitrage,' II, p. 23) the 

 nectar is placed at a depth of 14-25 mm. in the flesh-coloured or white Lepidopterid 

 flowers, of which the diameter varies between 25 and 35 mm. The order of develop- 

 ment of stamens and carpels is the same as in other species. Near Bozen Schulz 

 also observed female flowers, with a minimum diameter of 8 mm. 



Visitors. Macroglossa stellatarum Z., which possesses a proboscis 25-28 mm. 

 long, that can easily reach all the nectar, was observed by A. Schulz at Bozen, 

 and also by G. E. Mattei ('I lepidotteri e la dicogamia,' 1888, p. 16). MacLeod 

 (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 1891, p. 377) did not see any normal visitors 

 in the Pyrenees, but only a flower-beetle. 



391. D. Caryophyllus L. According to Darwin, this species is self-sterile. 



392. D. neglectus Loisel. Kerner says that the flowers of this species are 

 protandrous, though later on automatic self-pollination is possible. The flowers 

 are open in the morning, and between 6 and 7 o'clock in the evening. 



393. D. glacialis L. According to Kerner, the flowers are at first protandrous, 

 but automatic self-pollination may afterwards take place. The plant is also 

 gynodioecious. 



394. D. caesius Sm. Kirchner ('Beitrage,' pp. 17-18) states that the 

 mechanism of the rose-coloured flowers which smell strongly of cloves agrees 

 with that of D. sylvestris. Besides the protandrous hermaphrodite flowers, some 

 stocks at Uberlingen also bear female flowers of the same size. 



395. D. Seguierii Vill. Besides the protandrous hermaphrodite flowers, Schulz 

 observed female ones, which were either borne on the same plants as the former 

 or on different ones. 



396. D. plumarius L. (Knuth, ' Weit. Beob. u. Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins..' 

 p. 231.) 



Visitors. I observed Bombus hortorum Z., skg., in the gardens on the island 

 of Fohr. 



118. Saponaria L. 



Markedly protandrous Lepidopterid flowers. The petals narrow abruptly into 

 long-winged claws. The somewhat ventricose calyx which is not surrounded by 

 bracts holds these together to form a long tube in which the nectar is concealed, 

 and which is prolonged upwards by a corona consisting of bifid ligules. There 

 may be gynomonoecism and gynodioecism. 



397. S. officinalis L. (Sprengel, ' Entd. Geh.,' p. 248 ; Herm. Miiller, 

 ' Fertilisation,' pp. 128-9, ' Weit. Beob.,' II, p. 232 ; MacLeod, ' Pyreneenbl.,' p. 101, 

 Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1894, pp. 15 1-3; Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' 

 p f 246 ; Knuth, 'Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' pp. 37-8, 151 ; Schulz, 'Beitrage.' 



