CARYOPHYLLEAE 169 



do not mature till a considerable time after the commencement of anthesis, and the 

 male flowers also remain perfectly fresh after their pollen is shed a fact which has 

 no significance for the plant. Schulz is of opinion that this peculiarity is obviously 

 inherited from ancestors in which the stigmas were developed subsequently to the 

 shedding of the pollen. 



Visitors. In the island of Fohr, I saw 2 butterflies, Apis, 2 species of Bombus, 

 and a po-dvg. hover-fly (Syrphus). 



Loew in Brandenburg (Br.) and Hesse (H.) observed the following (Beitrage, 

 P- 45)- 



A. Diptera. Syrphidae: 1. Volucella bombylans L. (Br.). 



B. Lepidoptera. Sphingidae: 2. Macroglossa fuciformis Z. (Br., H.). Rossler 

 noticed the moth Dianthoecia nana Rott. in Wiesbaden ; Kerner Noctuids Dian- 

 thoecia and Mamestra in the Tyrol ; and Schletterer the following Hymenoptera at 

 Pola: (a) Apidae : 1. Eucera interrupta Baer; 2. E. longicornis Z. (6) Ichneumo- 

 nidae : 3. Tryphon rutilator Gr. 



Herm. Muller observed the following in Westphalia. 



A. Diptera. Syrphidae: 1. Rhingia rostrata Z., skg.; 2. Syrphus pyrastri Z., 

 po-dvg.; 3. Volucella plumata Z., po-dvg. B. Hymenoptera. Apidae-. 4. Andrena 

 nitida Fourcr. 5, vainly seeking nectar; 5. Apis mellifica Z. 5, freq., skg. and po-cltg.; 

 6. Bombus agrorum F. 5 ; 7. B. lapidarius Z. 5 and $j ', 8. B. rajellus K. 5 ; 9. B. ter- 

 rester Z. |jf; 10. Osmia rufa Z. $; 11. Psithyrus vestalis Fourcr. $>, skg. C. Lepi- 

 doptera. (a) Noctuidae: 12. Euclidia glyphica Z., very freq. (6) Rhopalocera : 

 13. Lycaena icarus Roit.\ 14. Pieris brassicae Z. ; and 15. P. rapae Z., both freq. 

 (c) Sphingidae: 16. Ino statices Z.; 17. Macroglossa fuciformis Z. 



MacLeod saw Apis, 3 humble-bees, 2 hover-flies, and 4 Lepidoptera in Flanders ; 

 and H. de Vries (Ned. Kruidk. Arch., Nijmegen, 2. ser., 2. deel, 1875) noticed Apis 

 mellifica Z. <jf and 2 humble-bees Bombus agrorum F. and B. subterraneus Z. 5 

 in the Netherlands. 



In Dumfriesshire 2 humble-bees, 2 hover-flies, and 2 Muscidae have been 

 recorded. (Scott-Elliot, 'Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 24.) 



426. C. Flos-Jovis Lam. (=Lychnis Flos-Jovis Z.). (Herm. Muller, 'Alpen- 

 blumen,' pp. 199-200.) This species bears markedly protandrous butterfly flowers, red 

 in colour. The nectar is concealed at a depth of about 10 mm., and owing to the 

 narrowness of the mouth of the flower which is only 1-2 mm. wide, and largely 

 blocked up by the anthers or styles it is only conveniently accessible to the proboscis 

 of Lepidoptera. The order of maturation of the five outer and five inner stamens, 

 and the five stigmas is as usual. It may be, however, that automatic self-pollination is 

 possible, for the styles with half-developed stigmatic papillae project from the 

 mouth of the flower while pollen still remains clinging to the last anthers, owing 

 to the failure of insect-visits. According to Briquet (' Eludes de biol. flor. dans les 

 Alpes Occident.'), a proboscis of about 15 mm. is necessary to secure the nectar, 

 which is secreted on the inner sides of the bases of the stamens. The visitors are 

 Lepidoptera, which effect cross-pollination, as self-pollination is excluded by the very 

 marked character of the protandry (Kirchner). 



Visitors. Herm. Muller observed butterflies as regular pollinators (Argynnis, 

 Colias), nect.-skg., and, as an occasional guest, a po-dvg. hover-fly (Eristalis tenax Z.). 



