CARYOPHYLLEAE 195 



gynodioecious, more rarely gynomonoecious. At Ruppin, according to Warnstorf, 

 there are hermaphrodite flowers of two sizes, respectively 15 mm. and 10 mm. in 

 diameter. The small-flowered variety is further characterized by the possession 

 of glandular hairs on the stem, especially on the upper part of this. 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller (H. M.) in Westphalia, and myself (Kn.) in Schleswig- 

 Holstein, have observed the following. 



A. Coleoptera. (a) Carabidae: 1. Amara sp. (H. M.). (b) Cerambycidae : 

 2. Leptura livida F., vainly searching for nectar (H. M.) ; 3. Malachius bipustulatus 

 F. (H. M.). (c) Nitidulidae: 4. Meligethes, nect-lkg. (H. M., Kn.). (d) Staphy- 

 linidae : 5. Omalium florale Payk. (H. M.). (e) Telephoridae : 6. Dasytes sp., po-dvg. 

 (H. M.). B. Diptera. (a) Conopidae: 7. Dalmannia punctata/"., skg. (H. M.). (b) 

 Empidae: 8. Empis livida Z., skg. (H. M.); 9. E. opaca F., very freq., skg. (H. M.); 

 10. E. rustica Fall., ditto (H. M.). (c) Leptidae : 1 1. Leptis strigosa Mg., skg. (H. M.). 

 (d ) Muscidae : 1 2. Anthomyia aestiva /^\,skg. (H.M.) ; 1 3. Onesia sepulcralis Jfc^., skg. 

 (H. M.); 14. Pyrellia aenea Zett., po-dvg. (H. M.); 15. Scatophaga merdaria F., skg. 

 (H. M.); 16. S. stercoraria Z., skg. (Kn.). (e) Syrphidae: 17. Eristalis arbustorum 

 Z., skg. (H. M., Kn.). 18. E. nemorum Z., skg. (H. M., Kn.); 19. E. sepulcralis Z., 

 skg. (H. M.) ; 20. Helophilus sp.. skg. (Kn.) ; 21. Melanostoma mellina Z., freq., skg. 

 (H. M., Kn.); 22. Melithreptus scriptus Z., skg. (H. M.); 23. M. strigatus Staeg., 

 po-dvg. (H.M.) ; 24. Platycheirus manicatus Mg., freq., skg. (H. M.); 25. Syritta 

 pipiens Z., skg. (H. M., Kn.): 26. Syrphus pyrastri Z., skg. (Kn.); 27. S. sp., skg. 

 (H. M.). C. Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae: 28. Andrena albicans Miill. $>, skg. 

 (H. M.) ; 29. A. argentata Sm. j , skg. (H. M.) ; 30. A. cineraria Z. 5 , skg. (H. M.) ; 

 31. Halictus leucozonius Schr. 5, skg. (H. M.); 32. H. sexnotatus K. 5, in large 

 numbers, skg. (Kn.) ; 33. H. sp. $ , skg. (H. M.). (b) Ickneumonidae : 34. Ichneumon 

 sp., skg. (H. M.). D. Lepidoptera. (a) Noctuidae : 35. Euclidia glyphica ., skg. 

 (H. M.). (b) Rhopalocera: 36. Pieris napi Z., skg. (Kn.); 37. Polyommatus dorilis 

 H/n., skg. (H.M.) ; 38. P. phlaeas Z., skg. (H. M.). E. Thysanoptera. 39. Thrips, 

 freq. (H. M.). 



Herm. Miiller saw 20 Diptera, 2 bees, and 3 Lepidoptera in the Alps ('Alpen- 

 blumen,' p. 171). 



Loew noticed the following on the variety strictum Haencke in Switzerland 

 ('Beitrage/ p. 57). 



A. Diptera. Syrphidae: 1. Melithreptus dispar Lw. B. Hymenoptera. 

 Apidae: 2. Halictus cylindricus F. 5, skg. C. Lepidoptera. Pyralidae: 3. Un- 

 determined sp. 



MacLeod saw a bee, an ant, 3 Syrphidae, an Empid, and 7 Muscidae in the 

 Pyrenees (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 1891, p. 378), and 4 Diptera, a Lepi- 

 dopterid, and a beetle in Flanders (op. cit., vi, 1894, p. 167). 



In Dumfriesshire, several Diptera have been recorded (Scott-Elliot, 'Flora of 

 Dumfriesshire,' p. 27). 



484. C. triviale Link (=C. vulgatum Z. and C. caespitosum Gilib.). (Axell, 

 ' Om Anordning. for Fanerog. Vaxt. Befrukt.,' pp. 16-17 ; Herm. Miiller, 'Fertilisa- 

 tion/ p. 132; Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 240; Schulz, 'Beitrage/ I, p. 24.) 

 Hermann Miiller says that the flowers have the same mechanism for pollination 

 as those of C. arvense, but they are smaller, in accordance with which protandry 

 is less pronounced, and the visits of insects less numerous. Failing insect-visits, 

 automatic self-pollination takes place and is effective (Axell). The stamens of the 

 hermaphrodite flowers are often more or less vestigial. Protogyny has been observed 



o 2 



