252 ANGIOSPERMAEDICOTYLEDONES 



The flowers of the vines I examined at Kiel were all thickly covered with yellow 

 pollen, from which circumstance it appeared to me to be likely that autogamy and 

 geitonogamy may occasionally be effected by the wind, while xenogamy may be 

 brought about by insects. 



Rathay states that cultivated vines may be gynodioecious or andromonoecious, 

 and wild ones dioecious with pseudo-hermaphrodite pollen and fruiting flowers. 

 According to Focke (Abh. natw. Ver., Bremen, xiv, 1897, p. 302) the hermaphrodite 

 form of Vitis vinifera Z. is perfectly fertile in itself; in the case of V, cordifolia 

 Mchx. the pollen of the male form is necessary for the production of good fruit 

 This latter species is therefore almost dioecious. 



Visitors. At Kiel I observed the honey-bee and B. terresterZ., po-cltg., as they 

 flew from flower to flower. The humble-bees in particular were so active that 

 they constantly came back again, though repeatedly driven away by the owner of 

 the vines, who feared that the flowers might be injured. Kronfeld (Ber. D. bot. Ges., 

 vii, 1889) also saw numerous honey-bees in a garden at Ober-St.-Veit. 



Rathay has observed the largest number of visitors, as follows (' Die Ge- 

 schlechtsverhaltnisse der Reben,' Part 2, 1889, pp. 17-23). 



A. Coleoptera. 1. Adrastus humilis Er. ; 2. Agriotes ustulatus Schaller; 



3. Anaglyptus mysticus L. ; 4. Anaspis pulicaria Costa. ; 5. Clytra musciformis Goze; 

 6. Clytus figuratus Scop. ; 7. C. ornatus Herbst. ; 8. Danacea nigritarsis Ktist. ; 

 9. Dasytes plumbeus Mull. ; 10. Adoxus obscurus Z., var. vitis Fabr.; 11. Limonius 

 lythrodes Germ.; 12. Malachius elegans Oliv.; 13. M. geniculatus Germ.; 14. Meli- 

 gethes brassicae Scop.; 15. Nacerdes austriacus Ggb.; 16. Notoxys cornutus Fabr.-, 

 17. N. monoceros L. ; 18. Oxythyrea funesta Poda.; 19. Phyllopertha hordeola L. ; 

 20. Spermophagus cardui Stev. ; 2 1 . Epilachna globosa Schneid. B. Diptera. 22. 

 Sciara sp. C. Hymenoptera. 23. Andrena sp. 5; 24. Apis mellifica L. ; 

 25. Halictus albipes F., var. affinis Schenck; 26. H. morio F. ; 27. H. villosulus K. 

 D. Hemiptera. 28. Two undetermined specimens. 



Rathay also gives (op. cit.) the following visitors for different varieties of the 

 vine. 



A. Coleoptera. 1. Adrastus humilis Er., 1 on ' Zimmet-traube ' ; 2. Anaspis 

 pulicaria Costa., 2 on ' Zimmet-traube ' ; 3. Clytra musciformis Goeze, 1 on ' Zimmet- 

 traube'; 4. Clytus figuratus Scop., 6 on 'Zimmet-traube'; 5. Danacea nigritarsis 

 Ktist., 2 on ' Zimmet-traube ' ; 6. Dasytes plumbeus Mtill., 1 on ' Zimmet-traube,* 



1 on V. riparia; 7. Adoxus obscurus L., var. vitis Fabr., 1 on 'Zimmet-traube'; 

 8. Limonius lythrodes Germ., 1 on 'Zimmet-traube'; 9. Malachius geniculatus Germ.., 



2 on 'Zimmet-traube,' 3 on V. riparia; 10. Meligethes brassicae Scop., 3 on blue 

 Kardaka (V. vinifera), 10 on 'Zimmet-traube' (V. vinif.); n. Nacerdes austriaca 

 Ggb., 5 5 and 2 S on ' Zimmet-traube ' ; 12. Oedemera lurida Marsh., 1 on V. riparia ; 

 13. Oxythyrea funesta Poda., 1 on 'Zimmet-traube'; 14. Phyllopertha hordeola L., 

 2 on 'Zimmet-traube'; 15. Spermophagus cardui Stev., 3 on V. riparia, 2 on 'Zim- 

 met-traube'; 16. Subcoccinella 24-punctata L., 1 on 'Zimmet-traube.' B. Diptera. 

 17. Sciara sp., 2 on 'Zimmet-traube'; 18. Syritta pipiens L., 1 on V. riparia. 

 C. Hymenoptera. 19. Halictus albipes F., var. affinis Schenck, 2 on 'Zimmet- 

 traube'; 20. H. morio F., 1 on 'Zimmet-traube.' 



Supplementary list. 



A. Coleoptera. 1. Coccinella bipunctata Z., 1 on V. riparia; 2. Agriotes 

 ustulatus Schall., 1 on V. vinifera; 3. Anaglyptus mysticus Z., 1 on V. viniferas 



4. Anaspis melanostoma Cost., 1 on V. rupestris candicans; 5. Ceutorrhynchus 

 suturalis Fabr., 1 on V. riparia; 6. Cis hispidus Payk., 1 on V. riparia; 7. Clytus 



