LEGUMINOSAE 277 



palocera: 17. Colias edusa Z., skg. (Budd.); 18. C. hyale Z. (H. M., Budd.); 19. 

 Hesperia lineola O., skg. (Budd.); 20. H. thaumas Hufn. (H. M.); 21. Lycaena 

 argiolus Z. (H. M.); 22. Pieris brassicae Z. (H. M.); 23. P. napi Z. (H. M.); 

 24. P. rapae Z. (H. M.); 25. Rhodocera rhamni Z., skg. (Budd.); 26. Satyrus 

 hyperanthus Z. (H. M.); 27. Vanessa urticae Z. (H. M.). 



Rossler observed the butterfly Colias edusa F., at Bremen, while bees were 

 Tecorded by and for the authors and places named in the following list. 



Loew (Brandenburg), Cilissa leporina Z'z. J, skg. (' Beitrage '); Alfken (Bremen), 



I. Anthidium manicatum Z. 5 and J, 2. Bombus variabilis Schmiedekn. y, 3. Cilissa 

 leporina Pz. $ and $ ; Frey-Gessner (canton Valais), Eucera hungarica Friese 5 and 

 Z> ; Friese (Baden), Cilissa leporina Pz., occasional ; Krieger (Leipzig), Eucera longi- 

 cornis Z. $ ; Schenck (Nassau), Cilissa leporina Pz., occasional ; Dalla Torre and 

 Schletterer (Tyrol), Bombus pomorum Pz. S. 



Burkill observed the following at Cambridge (Proc. Phil. Soc, Cambridge, viii, 



1894). 



A. Coleoptera. Nitidulidae-. 1. Meligethes viridescens F. B. Diptera. 

 {a) Muscidae: 2. Caricea tigrina F. ; 3. Lucilia sericata Mg. (5) Syrphidae: 

 4. Eristalis pertinax Scop.) 5. Helophilus floreus Z. ; 6. Melithreptus scriptus Z. ; 

 7. Platycheirus albimanus F. ; 8. P. manicatus Mg. ; 9. P. scutatus Mg. ; 10. Syritta 

 pipiens Z. ; 11. Syrphus balteatus Beg. ; 12. S. corollae F. ; 13. S. ribesii Z. 

 C. Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae: 14. Andrena convexiuscula K. 5 ; 15. A. extri- 

 cata Sm. $; 16. Apis mellifica Z. *jf> very freq. ; 17. Bombus agrorum F. ; 18. B. 

 hortorum Z., common; 19. B. lapidarius Z.; 20. B. pratorum Z. ; 21. Megachile 

 centuncularis Z. 5. (<$) Vespidae: 22. Vespa vulgaris Z. 5. D. Lepidoptera. 

 (a) Noctuidae: 23. Agrotis pronuba Z. ; 24. Phasiane clathrata Z. ; 25. Plusia 

 gamma Z. (3) Rhopalocera: 26. Lycaena icarus Z. ; 27. Pieris brassicae Z., freq.; 

 28. P. napi Z.; 29. P. rapae Z. ; 30. Polyommatus phlaeas Z. ; 31. Vanessa 

 urticae Z. 



All the visitors suck nectar, though the flies would seem but seldom to reach 

 it, and can only get pollen from exploded flowers. As Hermann Muller previously 

 noticed, the honey-bee does not explode the flowers, but steals the nectar by thrust- 

 ing in its proboscis from the side. On a hot summer afternoon Burkill saw Bombus 

 hortorum Z. in large numbers on the flowers, skg. legitimately, and effecting 

 explosion. 



Burkill states that the flowers are not all explosive to the same degree, the 

 hotter the weather the more vigorously they explode. In cold weather they remain 

 unexploded for eight or nine days, and then wither ; in hot sunny weather anthesis 

 lasts for three days at most. Explosion is not brought about by the shaking of the 

 wind. 



Schulz (Thuringia) and Urban (Berlin) have observed flowers perforated by 

 Apis and humble-bees. 



668. M. falcata L. (Herm. Muller, 'Fertilisation,' pp. 179-80, ' Weit. Beob./ 



II, p. 252; MacLeod, Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1894, p. 338.) Hermann 

 Muller states that the mechanism of the yellow flowers of this species entirely agrees 

 with that of M. sativa, but the springing up of the sexual column as the result 

 of pressure from above is facilitated by the loose way in which the alae and carina 

 grasp the upper side of this. It is, however, more difficult for bees to extract nectar 



