LEGUMINOSAE 



299 



stage the stigma projects through the cleft. To begin with, it is surrounded by the 

 pollen-grains of its own flower, but these do not adhere to its papillae, which are not 

 yet viscid. Not till the pollen has been carried away on the ventral surfaces of insect 

 visitors, are the delicate epidermal cells of the stigma partly rubbed away, making 

 it receptive for pollen from other flowers. 



Visitors. These are chiefly humble-bees. Herm. Muller observed the follow- 

 ing insects. 



A. Hymenoptera. Apidae: 1. Bombus agrorum F. $>, skg. ; 2. B. hortorum 

 L. 5, do. ; 3. B. sylvarum Z. g, do. B. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera : 4. Lycaena 

 minima Fuessl. $, do. C. Hemiptera. 5. Capsus sp., attempting to suck. 



Fig. 97. Anthyllis Vulneraria, L. (after Herm. Muller). (i) Flower seen from below. (2) Flower 

 after removal of the calyx, seen from the side. (3) Flower after removal of the calyx and the vexillum, 

 seen from above. (4) Anterior half of the carina, seen obliquely from above and from the left. (5) 

 Anterior half of the carina and an ala, seen from the left side. (6) Left ala (except the base), seen from 

 within. (7) Vexillum, seen from below ( x 3$). (8) Tip of the carina after removal of its left half, with 

 the stamens and style, seen from the left side (X 7). a, calyx ; b, lower side of the vexillum ; b\ groove in 

 the same ; c, outside of the vexillum ; </, lobes of the vexillum grasping alae and carina ; e, inner side of the 

 alae ; f t outer side of the alae ; #, deep and narrow fold in the upper external surface of the vexillum, 

 projecting inward as a sharp ridge. This latter fits into a deep fold (') in the upper side of the carina (), 

 and is fixed still more firmly by an acute process (/) of the carina, which fits into the space (A') behind the 

 sharp ridge (h); /, opening in the carina through which the pollen passes out; m\ anterior fold in 

 the upper margin of the ala ; , column of reproductive organs ; o, nectar-passages ; />, thickened ends of 

 the filaments; g, empty anthers; r, pollen ; s, stigma; it, claws of the alae. 



Kerner saw a butterfly, Lycaena hylas Esp. : the female lays her eggs in the 

 ovary. Frey states that the caterpillars of this butterfly live only on Thymus 

 Serpyllum and Coronilla varia, while the caterpillars of Lycaena minima Fuessl. 

 and L. semiargus Rott. live on Anthyllis. This also agrees with Herm. Miiller's 

 observations. 



Herm. Muller observed 10 Apidae, 10 Lepidoptera, and 2 beetles in the Alps. 

 Alfken noticed 3 humble-bees in Juist. 



1. Bombus hortorum L. $f, very freq. ; 2. B. lapidarius L. $f, do.; 3. B. mus- 

 corum F. 5, do. 



MacLeod saw 4 humble-bees, an Anthophora, 5 Lepidoptera, and a Dipterid in 

 the Pyrenees (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 1891, p. 435). Loew observed two 

 s in Switzerland (' Beitrage,' p. 61), i. e. Bombus pomorum Pz., var. elegans Seidl. 5, 

 cltg., and Eucera longicornis L. 5, do. ; also Bombus agrorum F. 5, skg., in the 

 rlin Botanic Garden. 



