322 ANGIOSPERMAE DICOTYLEDON ES 



Pyrenees. Loew noticed Psithyrus globosus Ev. J, skg., in the Alps, and Lindman 

 saw several humble-bees and Lepidoptera on the Dovrefjeld. 



Hermann Muller gives the following list for Westphalia. 



A. Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae: i. Apis mellifica L. 5, freq., skg. (Thuringia) ; I 

 2. Bombus agrorum F. <j> and , skg. ; 3. B. hortorum L. $f, do. ; 4. B. rajellus K. 5, 

 do.; 5. B. scrimshiranus K. J $> and g, do.; 6. Eucera longicornis Z. 5 and J, do. ; 

 7. Diphysis serratulae /*2. 5, skg. and po-cltg. ; 8. Megachile circumcincta K. 5, do. ; '\ 

 9. M. maritima K. 5, do. ; 10. M. versicolor Stn. 5, do. ; 11. M. willughbiella K. <j>, I 

 do. ; 12. Osmia adunca Ltr. j, do. ; 13. Psithyrus vestalis Fourc. S, do. (&) Vespidae: 

 14. Odynerus quadrifasciatus F. $, vainly skg. B. Diptera. Empidae: 15. Empis 

 livida Z., freq., skg. C. Lepidoptera. (a) Rhopalocera -. 16. Hesperia lineola O., 

 skg. ; 17. Lycaena arion Z., do. ; 18. Melanargia galatea Z., do. ; 19. Pieris rapae Z., ? 

 do., but without effecting pollination. () Sphingidae : 20. Zygaena meliloti Zty., skg. 



Herm. Muller also saw 4 Apidae and 5 Lepidoptera in the Alps (' Alpenblumen/ 

 p. 249). 



In Dumfriesshire, 2 humble-bees, an Empid, and a hover-fly were recorded 

 (Scott-Elliot, Flora, p. 49). 



760. V. hybrida L. 



Visitors. Schletterer observed three bees at Pola : 1. Eucera interrupta Baer.\ 

 2. E. longicornis Z. ; 3. Halictus interruptus Pz. 



761. V. dumetorum L. Kirchner (' Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 503) describes the 

 flower mechanism as similar to that of V. Cracca. The style is 3 mm. in length, 

 and surrounded by hairs for a length of 1 mm. from its tip ; the hairs on the outer 

 being noticeably longer than those on the inner side. The anthers dehisce in the 

 young bud, but the stigma is moderately well protected from the pollen of its own 

 flower by the stylar brush. Each ala is united with the carina by a smaller anterior, 

 and a much larger and deeper posterior process : the epidermal cells of the latter 

 interlock. 



Visitors. These are bees. Loew observed Bombus agrorum F. g, skg., in 

 the Berlin Botanic Garden. The honey-bee steals nectar from the side by pushing 

 the petals apart. Schulz noticed flowers perforated by humble-bees. 



762. V. villosa Roth. Kirchner (' Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 502) states that the 

 flower mechanism of this species also agrees essentially with that of V. Cracca, 

 but the anthers dehisce and shed their pollen on the stylar brush when the flowers 

 are almost full grown. 



Visitors. Hoppner saw a bee (Podalirius retusus Z.), skg., at Bremen. 



Schletterer observed the variety varia Host, to be visited by the following bees 

 at Pola. 



I. Anthidium manicatum Z. ; 2. Colletes lacunatus Dours. ; 3. Eucera alternans 

 Brull.\ 4. E. longicornis Z. ; 5. E. parvula Friese ; 6. E. ruficollis Brull. ; 7. Poda- 

 lirius retusus Z., var. meridionalis Per. ; 8. P. tarsatus Spin. Also 9. the Mutilla 

 viduata Pall. 



763. V. sepium L. (Sprengel, ' Entd. Geh.,' pp. 356-7 ; Herm. Muller, 

 'Fertilisation,' pp. 204-6, 'Weit. Beob.,' II, p. 262; Schulz, 'Beitrage'; de Vries, 

 Ned. Kruidk. Arch., Nijmegen, 2. ser., 2. deel, 1875; Knuth, ' Bloemenbiol. Bij- 

 dragen'; Loew, 'Bliitenbiol. Floristik,' pp. 392, 395.) The blossoms of this species 

 are dirty lilac in colour, with a yellowish base. Hermann Muller describes the 



