358 



ANGIOSPERMAEDICOTYLEDONES 





843. R. Chamaemorus L. This species is dioecious. The white flower 

 appear to be visited but seldom, as fruits are rarely seen. According to Warminj 

 propagation is largely effected by underground shoots. Vahl says that in some part 

 of Greenland female plants alone occur, and in other parts only males. This state 

 ment is confirmed by Andersson and Hesselman (' Bidrag till Kanned. om Spets 

 bergens o. Beeren Eil. Karlvaxtflora,' p. 18). Such an arrangement is intelligible a 

 a result of the marked vegetative reproduction. 



In Spitzbergen the species is usually sterile. Female flowers only were see: 

 there in bloom (7.8. '83 and 23. 7/98), but no fruits were observed (Andersson an 

 Hesselman, loc. cit.). 



Schulz states that female flowers with almost normal stamens are found in th 

 Riesengebirge. 



Visitors. Schneider observed the humble-bees Bombus alpinus L. and B 

 scrimshiranus K. in Arctic Norway (Mus. Aars. Tromso, xvii, 1895). 



In Dumfriesshire an Empid and 3 Muscids were recorded (Scott-Elliot, ' Flor 

 of Dumfriesshire/ p. 57). 



Fig. iij. Rubus arciicus, L. (after E. Warming). A. A flower seen from above. B. Longitudinal 

 section through a flower; the outermost anthers are ripe. C, D, E. Stamens of different series. E. An 

 outermost one. F. A carpel. 



844. R. arcticus L. According to Warming's investigations at Boseko) 

 (Norway) the dark rose-red stellate flowers of this species are slightly protandrou 

 (' Arkt. Vaxt. Biol.,' pp. 37-40). The outer anthers dehisce early, and the stamen 

 are more closely crowded together above the stigmas than in other species of thi 

 genus, so that automatic self-pollination necessarily takes place. Propagation i 

 chiefly effected by subterranean shoots. 



845. R. serpens Weihe. 



Visitors. Loew saw Apis (skg. and po-cltg.) in the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



246. Dryas L. 



Flowers white; protogynous, homogamous, or protandrous; with concealec 

 nectar, secreted by a fleshy ring internal to the insertion of the stamens. Not rarely 

 androdioecious or andromonoecious. 



846. D. octopetala L. (Ricca, Atti Soc.ital.se. nat., Milano, xiv, 1871 ; Herm 

 Mtiller, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 227-8; Schulz, 'Beitrage'; Lindman, 'Bidrag til 

 Kanned. om Skandin. Fjallvaxt Blomn. o. Befrukt.' ; Warming, ' Arkt. Vaxt. Biol.') 



