364 AN GIOSPERM AE DICOTYLEDON ES 



sci. phys. nat., Bordeaux, Ser. 4, iv, 1894; Knuth, ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen.) 

 Hermann Miiller was the first to describe the mechanism of the protogynous 

 hermaphrodite flowers of this species. The petals spread out flat, and therefore 

 offer to insects a convenient alighting-place and platform. As the anthers dehisce 

 long after the stigmas mature, insects probing down to the nectar-ring usually effect 

 cross-pollination. In the absence of visits, automatic self-pollination generally takes 

 place, owing to the oblique position of the flower. Schulz observed gynomonoecism 

 and gynodioecism, as well as andromonoecism and androdioecism. Darwin says 

 that in the United States, among the numerous cultivated varieties of the strawberry, 

 plants of three kinds are recognized by growers, i.e. 1. female, which produce 

 fruits in great abundance; 2. hermaphrodite, which yield a scanty crop; 3. male, 

 which of course set no fruits. Such forms may also be recognized among plants 

 cultivated in Germany, but purely male individuals are rare. 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller (H. M.) and Buddeberg (Budd.) observed the 

 following. 



A. Coleoptera. (a) Cerambycidae : 1. Grammoptera ruficornis F., not infre- 

 quent, nect-lkg., and dvg. the anthers; even when pairing the 9 continues to gnaw 

 an anther (H. M.). (d) Dermestidae : 2. Anthrenus pimpinellae F., nect-lkg. (H. M.)j 

 3. A. scrophulariae Z., do. (H. M.). (c) Telephoridae \ 4. Dasytes fiavipes F, 

 nect-lkg. and dvg. the anthers (H. M.); 5. Malachius bipustulatus Z., do. (H. M.). 

 (d) Mordellidae: 6. Mordella aculeata Z., nect-lkg. (H. M.). (e) Nilidulidae \ 

 7. Meligethes, freq. (H. M.). B. Diptera. (a) Empidae: 8. Empis chioptera 

 Fall., skg. (H. M.); 9. E. livida ., do. (H. M.); (/>) Muscidae: 10. Anthomyia sp. 

 (H. M.); 11. Musca corvina F. (H. M.); 12. Scatophaga merdaria Fall., skg. 

 (H. M.). {c) Syrphidae: 13. Eristalis sepulcralis Z., skg. (H. M.); 14. Melithreptus 

 menthastri Z., do. (H. M.); 15. Paragus bicolor F., skg. and po-dvg. (Budd.); 

 16. Rhingia rostrata Z., skg. (H. M.); 17. Syritta pipiens Z., freq., skg. (H. M.); 

 18. Syrphussp., skg. (H. M.). C. Hymenoptera. (a)Apidae: 19. Andrena dorsata 

 K. 5, po-cltg. (H. M.); 20. Apis mellifica Z. $, do. (H. M.); 21. Halictus leucopus 

 K. $, skg. and po-cltg. (Budd.); 22. H. lucidulus Schenck 5, skg. (H. M.); 23. H. 

 sexstrigatus Schenck 5 (H. M.); 24. Nomada ruficornis Z. $, skg. (H. M.); 25. N. 

 ruficornis Z., var. signata/r. $, skg. (H. M.); 26. N. sexfasciata Pz. $ (H. M.); 

 27. Prosopis communis Nyl. $ (H. M.). (6) Formicidae : 28. Myrmica levinodis iV)'^ 

 5, nect-lkg. (H. M.). (c) Sphegidae: 29. Oxybelus uniglumis Z., nect-lkg. (H. M.). 

 D. Thysanoptera. 30. Thrips, freq., skg. (H. M.). 



Herm. Muller saw 6 Hymenoptera, 2 beetles, 8 flies, and a bug in the Alps. 

 Alfken noticed a Syrphid (Pipiza sp.), freq., at Bremen. 



Friese observed the bee Osmia caerulescens Z., not rare, in Mecklenburg ; and 

 Schenck the following bees in Nassau. 



1. Andrena flessae Pz. ; 2. Halictus albipes F. $ ; 3. H. calceatus Scop. ; 4- H. 

 morio F. ; 5. Osmia bicolor Schr. 



MacLeod (Pyrenees) saw an ant and a beetle (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 

 1 891, p. 432); and (Flanders) a short-tongued bee, 2 Muscids, an Empid, and 

 4 beetles (op. cit., vi, 1894, pp. 312, 380). 



In Dumfriesshire, a hover-fly and 2 Muscids were recorded (Scott-Elliott, ' Flora 

 of Dumfriesshire,' p. 57). 



In the Berlin Botanic Garden, on the var. semperflorens Hay tie, Loew observed 

 2 Syrphids (Eristalis aeneus Scop., skg., and Syritta pipiens. Z., po-cltg.). 



