ROSACEAE 381 



A. Coleoptera. (a) Mordellidae : 1. Anaspis frontalis Z. (b) Nitidulidae : 

 2. Meligethes sp. (c) Scarabaeidae : 3. Cetonia aurata L., dvg. the anthers. B. 

 Diptera. (a) Muscidae: 4. Anthomyia sp. (b) Syrphidae: 5. Chrysogaster 

 coemeteriorum L., po-dvg. C. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera : 6. Argynnis pandora 

 S. V., vainly searching for nectar. 



Willis noticed the following in the neighbourhood of the south coast of Scotland 

 (' Fls. and Insects in Gt. Britain,' Part I). 



A. Coleoptera. Nitidulidae'. 1. Epuraea melina Er., po-dvg. ; 2. Meligethes 

 aeneus F., freq., po-dvg. ; 3. M. viridescens F., do. B. Diptera. (a) Muscidae : 

 4. Anthomyia radicum Z., freq., po-dvg. ; 5. Mydaea sp., po-dvg. ; 6. Tricho- 

 phthicus hirsutulus ZelL, do. (6) Syrphidae (all po-dvg.): 7. Eristalis aeneus Scop.; 

 8. E. horticola Deg. ; 9. E. tenax Z. ; 10. Melanostoma mellina Z. (c) Chirono- 

 midae: n. Corynoneura sp., po-dvg. 



Herm. Muller saw the beetle Cetonia aurata Z., freq., in the Alps ('Alpen- 

 blumen,' p. 228). MacLeod observed (Pyrenees) a short-tongued bee and 2 beetles 

 (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 1891, pp. 426-7): also (Flanders) Apis, a humble- 

 bee, 12 hover-flies, a saw-fly, 3 beetles, and a Lepidopterid (op. cit., vi, 1894 

 pp. 321-2, 380). Heinsius noticed 2 po-dvg. flies (Helophilus floreus Z. 5 and 

 Cyrtoneura curvipes Macq. 5) in Holland (op. cit., iv, 1892, p. 57). Lindman saw- 

 numerous flies on the Dovrefjeld. 



915. U. Filipendula Hill ( = Spiraea Filipendula Z., and Filipendula hexa- 

 petala Gilib.). (Herm. Mtiller, 'Fertilisation/ pp. 223-4.) The faintly fragrant 

 inflorescences of this species attract far fewer insects than the much larger ones 

 of U. pentapetala. Hermann Muller (' Beitrage,' II, p. 12) describes the white 

 petals as possessing such slender claws that they are very easily bent down, and 

 cannot serve as alighting-places for insects. They are somewhat reflexed when the 

 flower has fully opened. The stamens also bend far outwards before the anthers 

 dehisce, so that the 9-12 broad, bilobed styles that radiate from the centre of the 

 flower serve as the most convenient platform for insect visitors, which therefore 

 regularly effect crossing. Should insect-visits fail, automatic self-pollination takes 

 place ; the innermost stamens often remaining bent inwards till their anthers dehisce, 

 so that the pollen comes into contact with the stigmas. Schulz says that late-flower- 

 ing stocks are sometimes andromonoecious. 



Visitors. Hermann Muller observed the following. 



A. Coleoptera. (a) Cerambycidae : 1 . Strangalia bifasciata Mull. 5, po-dvg. 

 (b) Oedemeridae : 2. Oedemera podagrariae Z., po-dvg. (c) Scarabaeidae : 3. Cetonia 

 aurata Z., gnawing the anthers ; 4. Trichius fasciatus Z., rapidly gnawing the 

 anthers from below upwards. B. Diptera. Syrphidae (all po-dvg.) : 5. Eristalis 

 arbustorum Z. ; 6. E. nemorum Z. ; 7. Helophilus floreus Z. ; 8. Syritta pipiens Z. 

 C. Hymenoptera. Apidae: 9. Halictus sexnotatus K. $, po-cltg.; 10. H. zonulus 

 Sm. j, do. 



Loew saw a Syrphid (Eristalis tenax Z., po-dvg.) and a bee (Apis mellifica Z. 5, 

 po-cltg.) in the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



258. Spiraea L. 



White or red hermaphrodite flowers, often protogynous ; mostly smelling like 

 hawthorn ; with half-concealed nectar secreted in abundance by an annular orange- 

 yellow thickening on the inner wall of the receptacle, internal to the insertions of the 



