398 



ANGIOSPERMAEDICOTYLEDONES 



In Spitzbergen this species is sometimes seen as a creeping form, sometimes 

 dense clumps. According to Andersson and Hesselman (' Bidrag till Kanned. om 

 Spetsbergens o. Beeren Eil. Karlvaxtflora,' p. i), it begins to bloom in the middle of 

 June, and some plants continue to do so till September. Fruits were observed 

 to be set from the middle of July (19. 7. '98) or the beginning of August (8. 8. '97) 

 onwards. The flowers vary from 9 to 11 mm. in diameter, or exceptionally 18 to 

 20 mm. Ekstam describes them as faintly fragrant, dark-red to bright violet 

 in colour, or sometimes white (' BlQtenbiol. Beob. a. Spitzbergen,' p. 12). As to 

 the development of the sexual organs the protogynous to homogamous flowers agree 

 with those examined by Warming. Andersson and Hesselman (op. cit., p. 24) 



I 





Fig. 126. Saxifraga oppositifolia, L. (after Herm. M filler). A. Newly opened flower, seen from 

 above. B. Older flower, seen from above. C. Another older flower, in longitudinal section (x 5). 

 D. Flower with mature stigmas and unripe anthers, partly in section (x 3I). a, anthers ; n, nectary ; 

 ov, ovules ; p, petals ; .?, sepals ; st, stigmas. 



noticed distinct protogyny. Ekstam says that characteristic more or less closed 

 flowers appear in August, with reduced stamens and greatly enlarged pistils. 



Schulz observed gynodioecism in the Tyrol. The nectar is so deeply situated 

 that short-tongued insects can reach it only with great difficulty or not at all, while 

 it is conveniently placed for Lepidoptera. 



Visitors. Herm. Mtiller noticed that Lepidoptera formed the majority of 

 individuals (3 species), and also observed a beetle, a Syrphid, and 3 Muscids. Ricca 

 saw a humble-bee and several Lepidoptera. Ekstam (Nova Zemlia) observed humble 



