SAXIFRAGE A E 



399 



oees (the sole resort of which during the summer is this species) and flies. In 

 Spitzbergen he noticed several small Muscids on three days during July. Schneider 

 ;Mus. Aarsh. Troms0, xvii, 1895) saw Andrena sp. in the Christiania Botanic 

 harden. He further states (op. cit., p. 142) that humble-bees only play a sub- 

 ordinate part as pollinators in Arctic Norway. 



944. S. aizoides L. (Herm. Miiller, 'Fertilisation,' p. 245, ' Alpenblumen,' 

 )p. 94-8; Warming, Bot. Tids., Kjobenhavn, xvi, 1888, pp. 26-7; Axell, 'Om 

 \nord. for Fanerog. Vaxt. Befrukt.,' p. 35; Engler, Bot. Ztg., Leipzig, xxvi, 1868 ; 

 achulz, 'Beitrage.') Axell and Engler were the first to describe the protandry of 

 his species, though Schulz states that the 

 erminal flower is frequently female. The 

 lectar is exposed, and the flower mechanism 

 idapted to the visits of flies. According to 

 Hermann Miiller, cross-pollination, as the 

 esult of insect-visits, is ultimately secured 

 >y the slow successive development of the 

 ndividual stamens and the stigmas. Self- 

 Dollination is not completely excluded. 

 Warming states that in Greenland, Spitz- 

 Dergen, and Finmark, the flowers are at first 



markedly protandrous, afterwards becoming V. : / A. 



lomogamous. Ripe fruits were observed at 



st 



FlG. 127. Saxifraga aiaoides, L. (after Herm. Miiller). A. Flower in the first (male) stage, 

 B. Flower in the second (female) stage (X 3$). C. The same in longitudinal section (x 7). a, anther; 

 fi, filament ; n, nectary ; ov. ovary; p, petal ; s, sepal ; si, stigma. 



acobshavn and Franz-Josef's Fjord. Abromeit describes Greenland specimens as 

 possessing the orange-red spots on the petals, marked more or less clearly ('Bot. Ergeb. 

 .on Drygalski's Gronlandsexped.'). Andersson and Hesselman saw sterile flowers 

 n Beeren Island. They state that the species flowers in Spitzbergen from the first 

 aalf of July till August and September, but whether fruits are set was not determined 

 [' Bidrag till Kanned. om Spetsbergens o. Beeren Eil. Karlvaxtflora,' p. 28). Ekstam, 

 "or Spitzbergen, describes the flowers as being usually protandrous, though cases 

 Df homogamy were also noticed (' Bltitenbiol. Beob. a. Spitzbergen,' p. 15). Ekstam 

 says that the odourless flowers are 10-12 mm. in diameter in Nova Zemlia. 



