SAXIFRAGEAE 403 



953. S. muscoides Wulf. (Herm. Miiller, 'Fertilisation,' p. 244, ' Alpen- 

 blumen,' pp. 106-7.) The flower mechanism of this species agrees with that of 

 S. Seguieri. 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller observed 6 flies, a beetle, an Ichneumonid, and a 

 Lepidopterid. 



MacLeod noticed 2 short-tongued Hymenoptera, a beetle, and 5 flies, in the 

 Pyrenees (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 1891, pp. 422-3). 



954. S. androsacea L. (Herm. Miiller, ' Fertilisation,' p. 244, ' Alpenblumen,' 

 ">p. 107-8.) This is a third protogynous Alpine species, and its flower mechanism 

 igrees with those of S. Seguieri and S. muscoides. In this case, however, self- 

 lollination is ultimately possible, for the stigmas remain receptive till the dehiscence 

 >f the first anther. 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller noticed a hoverrfly (Eristalis tenax Z.) at a height 

 )f over 3,000 m. 



955. S. decipiens Ehrh. (=S. hypnoidesZ. and S. caespitosa Sm.). (Warming, 

 3ot. Tids., Kjobenhavn, xvi, 1888. pp. 18-22.) Warming describes the flowers of 

 his species as slightly protandrous, homogamous, or even protogynous. Self- 

 >ollination is possible and effective, for ripe fruits have been found in Spitzbergen, 

 3eeren Island, &c. Besides hermaphrodite flowers, female ones have been observed 

 n Spitzbergen, on the Dovrefjeld, and in Greenland. 



Abromeit states that the species is widely distributed in Greenland up to a height 

 >f 5,000 ft. above sea-level, and is represented by several varieties (' Bot. Ergeb. von 

 )rygalski's Gronlandsexped.,' p. 35). The calyx is covered with glandular hairs, 

 ometimes black in colour, and sometimes yellow. 



Visitors. Loew observed the following in the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



A. Diptera. (a) Muscidae : 1. Lucilia caesar Z. ; 2. Scatophaga scybalaria Z. 

 b) Syrphidae : 3. Eristalis nemorum Z., skg. ; 4. Syritta pipiens Z., do. B. Hymeno 

 itera. Apidae : 5. Halictus minutissimus K. <j>, skg. ; 6. H. nitidiusculus K. 5, do. 



956. S. caespitosa L. The nectar is exposed in this species. Lindman 

 bserved, on the Dovrefjeld, homogamous flowers in which effective self-pollination 

 ras possible, as evidenced by fruits. Ekstam states that the faintly fragrant flowers 

 re 5-12 mm. in diameter in Nova Zemlia. Self-pollination is prevented in flowers 

 lat are either almost homogamous or very markedly protandrous, but it is possible 



those which are protogynous-homogamous. 

 According to Andersson and Hesselman (' Bidrag till Kanned. om Spetsbergens 



Beeren Eil. Karlvaxtflora,' pp. 30-1), this species is among those indigenous to 

 pitzbergen in which anthesis is prolonged. It begins when the snow melts in 

 K middle of June, and continues all through the summer till the end of August, 

 1 even into September. In Beeren Island the earliest blossoms were noticed on 

 une 13, 1898; fruits are ripened in abundance from about the second half of 

 uly. The observers mentioned regard the flowers as protogynous, but Ekstam 

 escribes them as strongly protandrous-homogamous (' Bliitenbiol. Beob. a. Spitz- 

 ergen,' p. 18). They are 10-15 mm - m diameter, odourless, and white, yellowish- 

 reen or reddish in colour. After the anthers have completely ripened the stamens 



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