SAXIFRAGEAE 409 



Visitors. Ekstam saw a large and a small fly in Spitzbergen. He also noticed 

 nedium-sized flies in Nova Zemlia. 



971. S. juniperifolia Adams. (Kerner, 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. 1, p. 326.) 

 ierner says that geitonogamy takes place in this species, for though the direction of 

 he styles and the position of the stigmas remain unchanged, the filaments elongate 

 md curve in such a way that the pollen can reach the stigmas of neighbouring 

 lowers. 



972. S. umbrosa L. (Herm. Muller, ' Fertilisation,' p. 245.) Hermann Muller 

 ;ays that, ' the prettily dotted petals of -S". rotundifolia and S. umbrosa L., seem to be 

 iue to the influence of certain elegant and prettily coloured Syrphidae, by which they 

 ire especially visited and cross-fertilized.' 



Visitors. Herm. Muller noticed the Syrphid Ascia podagrica Z. Plateau 

 )bserved a Muscid (Lucilia caesarZ.), Syrphids (Melanostoma mellinaZ., Helophilus 

 )endulus Z., Syrphus corollae F.), and bees (Apis, Andrena nana K., Megachile 

 iricetorum Lep. (=M. fasciata Sm.), Odynerus quadratus Pz.(?)). 



973. S. crassifolia L.(=BergeniabifloraiJ/w^). (Herm. Muller, 'Fertilisation/ 

 pp. 243, 247, 'Weit. Beob./ I, p. 298.) The flowers of this species are protogynous. 



Visitors. Herm. Muller observed bees, skg. (Apis, Bombus hortorum Z. 5, 

 B. pratorum Z. 5). Loew saw a humble-bee (B. terrester Z. 5), skg., in the Berlin 

 Botanic Garden. 



269. Bergenia Moench. 



974. B. subciliata A. Br. 

 Visitors. Loew observed the following in the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



A. Hymenoptera, (a) Apt'dae: 1. Anthophora pilipes F. J, skg.; 2. Apis 

 nellifica Z. $j, skg. ; 3. Osmia rufa Z., skg. (5) Vesptdae: 4. Odynerus parietum Z. 5 

 vnd $. B. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera : 5. Colias rhamni Z., skg. 



270. Chrysosplenium Tourn. 



Flowers inconspicuous, golden-yellow, or greenish in colour ; homogamous, 

 protogynous, or slightly protandrous. The nectar is exposed, and secreted by a disk 

 surrounding the styles. The foliage-leaves around the flowers are mostly streaked 

 with golden-yellow, and increase conspicuousness. Besides hermaphrodite flowers, 

 there are often some purely male ones as well. 



975. C. alternifolium L. (Sprengel, 'Entd. Geh.,' p. 241 ; Ricca, Atti Soc. 

 tal. sc. nat., Milano, xiii, 1870, p. 257; Herm. Mailer, 'Fertilisation,' pp. 245-6; 

 MacLeod, Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1894, pp. 290-1 ; Kirchner, 'Flora v. 

 Stuttgart,' p. 406; Warming, ' Arkt. Vaxt.Biol.,' p. 7; Lindman, ' Bidrag till Kanned. 

 om Skandin. Fjellvaxt. Blomn. o. Befrukt.'; Kerner, 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. 1, II, 

 p. 379; Knuth, ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen.') Hermann Muller describes the in- 

 conspicuous yellow flowers of this species as homogamous, but Ricca says they 

 are slightly protogynous, with persistent stigmas. Ekstam, for Nova Zemlia, speaks 



