ONAGRARIEAE 



443 



Mor. J ; 3. B. hypnorum L. J ; 4. B. jonellus K. J ; 5. B. mastrucatus GV/. $ j 

 6. B. pratorum Z. $; 7. B. soroensis i^. $; 8. B. terrester Z. J ; 9. Psithyrus vestalis 

 Fourcr. 0". Frey-Gessner (Switzerland) the humble-bees Bombus pratorum Z. $, 5 

 and $, and B. scrimshiranus K. (=B. jonellus .AT.) J. Herm. Miiller (Alps) a beetle, 

 5 flies, 11 Hymenoptera, and a Lepidopterid ('Alpenblumen/ p. 209). Scott-Elliot 

 (Dumfriesshire) 2 humble-bees and a wasp, both freq. ('Flora of Dumfriesshire/ 

 p. 64). 



1041. E. Dodonaei (=E. rosmarinifolium Haenke, and E. angustissimum 

 Weber). (Schulz, 'Beitrage/ II, p. 73.) Schulz says that the flowers of this species 

 usually display well-marked protandry, for the four stigmas only spread out when 

 the anthers have lost all their pollen. Sometimes, however, they begin to do so 

 before the pollen is entirely shed, and automatic self-pollination is then possible. 



Visitors. Schulz observed nect-skg. and po-cltg. bees, skg. Lepidoptera, and 

 po-dvg. Diptera. 



Herm. Miiller noticed 4 bees and 2 Lepidoptera in the Alps (' Alpenblumen/ 

 p. 211). Loew saw Apis, skg., in the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



1042. E. Fleischeri Hochst. ( = E. denticulatum Ulend.). (Herm. Miiller, 

 'Fertilisation/ p. 262, 'Alpenblumen/ pp. 209-11.) The flowers of this species 

 agree in many respects as regard mechanism with those of E. angustifolium, but 

 may be protandrous, homogamous, or protogynous. In all three cases, however, 

 crossing is favoured by the fact that either the diverging stigmatic branches or the 

 stamens serve as the most convenient alighting-place. Automatic self-pollination 

 always takes place should insect-visits fail. 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller observed a Syr- 

 phid, 13 bees, 2 fossorial wasps, and 4 Lepi- 

 doptera. Loew noticed a Syrphid (Syrphus 

 balteatus -Deg.) and a bee (Halictus minutis- 

 simus K. 2) in the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



Fig. 150. Epilobium hirsutum, L. (after 

 Herm. Miiller). Flower seen directly from 

 above, a 1 and a 2 , anthers of long and short 

 stamens; si, stigma. 



1043. E. hirsutum L. (=E.grandiflorum 

 Weber). (Herm. Miiller, 'Fertilisation/ pp. 2 63-4; 

 Schulz, ' Beitrage,T, pp. 35-6.) The mechanism 

 of the large, dark-purple flowers of this species 

 varies in different localities, while Hermann 

 Miiller recognized only homogamous flowers 

 25-30 mm. in diameter. Schulz describes 

 three forms borne on different stocks. 1. 

 Large : these are zygomorphous and markedly 



protandrous, with long styles curved in such a way that self-pollination is 

 prevented. 2. Medium: these are rarer (at Halle and in North Thuringia) than 

 the previous kind. They are less distinctly zygomorphous, and are usually slightly 

 protandrous, rarely almost homogamous. The style is straight ; and should insect- 

 visits fail the stigmas curve back in such a way as to touch the anthers of the 

 longest stamens, so that self-pollination is possible. 3. Small: these are still smaller 

 than the medium ones, and homogamous. As the stigmas are at the same level 

 as the longest stamens, automatic self-pollination is inevitable. 



