UMBELLIFERAE 473 



325. Pleurospermum Hoffm. 



1105. P. austriacum Hoffm. Schulz (' Beitrage,' II, p. 90) has observed this 

 species in the Riesengebirge, bearing only markedly protandrous hermaphrodite 

 flowers. Self-pollination is rare, occurring exceptionally when the stamens happen 

 to be still upright and some pollen remains in their anthers at the time when the 

 stigmas mature. 



326. Cicuta L. 



1106. C. virosa L. Warnstorf states that the umbellules of the primary 

 umbels bear hermaphrodite flowers only; those of the secondary umbels marginal 

 hermaphrodite and central male flowers ; and those of tertiary umbels male flowers. 



Visitors. I noticed a Syrphid (Eristalis tenax Z.) and a Muscid (Lucilia 

 caesar Z.), both skg. (' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen '). 



In Dumfriesshire a humble-bee (freq.), a wasp (freq.), a fossorial wasp, and 

 numerous flies were recorded (Scott-Elliot, ' Flora of Dumfriesshire/ p. 75). 



327. Apium L. 



1107. A. graveolens L. Kirchner states that the small whitish flowers of this 

 species are self-fertile, perhaps in consequence of imperfect protandry. 



Visitors. I have observed a Muscid (Scatophaga sp.) and 2 Syrphids (Syritta 

 pipiens Z. ; Syrphus sp.). 



328. Petroselinum Hoffm. 



1108. P. sativum Hoffm. Schulz says that the yellowish-green flowers of this 

 species are distinctly protandrous at Bozen. Henslow describes them as homogamous. 

 Schulz also observed andromonoecism. According to Warnstorf, the umbellules of 

 the primary umbels bear hermaphrodite flowers ; those of the secondary and tertiary 

 ones, marginal hermaphrodite and central male flowers. 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller (H. M.) at Lippstadt, and Buddeberg (Budd.) in Nassau 

 observed the following. 



A. Diptera. (a) Muscidae: 1. Cyrtoneura simplex Loew (H. M.) ; 2. Lucilia 

 cornicina F. (H. M.) ; 3. Sarcophaga carnaria Z. (H. M.). (b) Syrphidae : 4. Chei- 

 losia sp. (Budd.) ; 5. Eristalis arbustorum Z. (H. M.) ; 6. E. sepulcralis Z. (H. M.) ; 

 7. Helophilus floreus Z. (H. M.); 8. Syritta pipiens Z. (H. M.); 9. Xanthogramma 

 citrofasciata Deg. (H. M.). B. Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae: 10. Andrena minutula 

 K. 5 (Budd.); 11. A. parvula K. 5 (Budd.) ; 12. Halictus morioZ 7 . 5, nect-lkg. (H.M.); 

 13. H. nitidus Schenck 5, do. (H. M.); 14. Prosopis communis Nyl. (Budd.); 15. P. 

 sinuata Schenck $, nect-lkg. (H. M., Budd.) ; 16. Sphecodes gibbus Z. $> and J (H. M., 

 Budd.); 17. Stelis breviuscula Nyl. S (Budd.). (b) Chalcididae : 18. Leucaspis dor- 

 sigera F., nect-lkg. (Budd.). (c) Fvaniidae: 19. Foenus sp. (Budd.). (d) Sphegidae: 

 20. Crabro clypeatus Schreb. 5, nect-lkg. (Budd.). (e) Vespidae : 21. Odynerus parietum 

 L. 5 (Budd.); 22. Polistes gallica Z., nect-lkg. (Budd.). 



Schletterer records the bee Halictus levis K. for the Tyrol ; and Plateau the 

 honey-bee, a Syrphid (Eristalis tenax Z.), and 2 Muscids (Musca domestica Z. ; 

 Lucilia caesar Z.) for Belgium. 



