UMBELLIFERAE 485 



Warnstorf says that at Ruppin either all the umbels are purely hermaphrodite, 

 or the tertiary ones bear marginal hermaphrodite and central male flowers. 



Visitors. The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. 



Knuth (North Frisian Islands), 5 Syrphids, 2 Muscids, and a beetle. Buddeberg 

 (Nassau), A. Diptera. Syrphidae: 1. Ascia podagrica F., po-dvg., very numerous ; 

 2. Helophilus floreus Z., nect-lkg. and po-dvg.; 3. Paragus cinctus Schiner et Egg., 

 nect-lkg. B. Hymenoptera. All nect-lkg. (a) Apidae : 4. Prosopis communis 

 Nyl- ?> 5- P- obscurata Schenck ( = P. punctulatissima Sm.) J; 6. P. signata Pz. $; 



7. P. sinuata Schenck t>. (b) Sphegidae; 8. Crabro vexillatus Pz. S. 9. Pompilus 

 concinnus Dahlb. J. (c) Tenthredinidae : 10. Allantus temulus Scop. L. MacLeod 

 (Flanders) 4 hover-flies, 2 Muscids, and Trombidium (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, 

 Ghent, vi, 1894, pp. 271, 280). Sickmann (Osnabriick) the fossorial wasp Pemphredon 

 lugubris Ltr. 



342. Foeniculum Tourn. 



1134. F. vulgare Mill. ( = F. capillaceum Gilib., F. officinale All., and Anethum 

 Foeniculum L.) According to Schulz ('Beitrage,' II, pp. 84, 190), the small yellow 

 flowers of this species are andromonoecious, the hermaphrodite ones being markedly 

 protandrous. Kerner ('Nat. Hist. PI./ Eng. Ed. 1, II, p. 325) says that these 

 protandrous flowers are the first to bloom, and after their stamens have dropped off 

 are geitonogamously crossed by crumbling masses of pollen, which fall from the later 

 maturing male flowers of adjacent lateral umbels. 



Visitors. These were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. 



Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden), a true wasp, Eumenes coarctatus L. Kohl 

 (Tyrol), 4 Chrysidids (1. Chrysis scutellaris F. ; 2. C. distinguenda Spin.; 3. Stilbum 

 cyanurum Fors/., var. calens F. ; 4. Hedychrum roseum Possl) and 10 true wasps 

 (1. Vespa germanica F. ; 2. V. holsatica F. ; 3. Polistes gallica Z. ; 4. Eumenes 

 pomiformis F. ; 5. E. unguiculata Vill.; 6. Odynerus sinuatus F. ; 7. O. bifasciatus Z. ; 



8. O. parvulus Lep.; 9. O. bidentatus Lep.\ 10. O. modestus Sauss.). Handlirsch the 

 fossorial wasp Gorytes pleuripunctata Costa. Schletterer and von Dalla Torre (Tyrol), 

 4 bees (1. Halictus albipes F. ; 2. H. costulatus Kirchb. J; 3. H. sexcinctus F. ; 

 4. H. vulpinus Nyl.). 



343. Seseli L. 



1135. S. Hippomarathrum Jacq. Schulz (' Beitrage,' I, p. 49) states that the 

 umbels of this species develop very slowly. Only protandrous hermaphrodite flowers 

 have been observed. Some tertiary umbels do not set fruits. 



1136. S. annuum L. In this species again, Schulz (loc. cit.) only observed 

 protandrous hermaphrodite flowers. 



344. Libanotis Riv. 



1137. I" montana Crantz (=Athamanta Libanotis Z., and Seseli Libanotis 

 Koch). Schulz ( Beitrage,' I, p. 49) found only hermaphrodite flowers in primary 

 and secondary umbels. Tertiary ones (not always present) are often purely male. 

 According to Kerner ('Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. 1, II, p. 511), the petals are white 

 in the lowlands, but reddish-violet on the under-side in plants growing on Alpine 

 heights. In Hohenzollern the flowers are tinged with yellow r , and rather fragrant. 



