UMBELLIFERAE 



487 



348. Meum Adans. 



1141. M. athamanticum J acq. Schulz ('Beitrage, II, pp. 84-5, 190) describes 

 this species as andromonoecious, with markedly protandrous hermaphrodite flowers. 



1142. M. Mutellina Gaertn. ( = Phellandrium Mutellina Z.). (Ricca, Atti Soc. 

 ital. sc. nat., Milano, xiv, 187 1 ; Herm. Muller, 'Alpenblumen,' pp. 116-20; Kerner, 

 'Nat. Hist. PI./ Eng. Ed. 1, II, 



p. 296; Schroter, 'Beitrage zur 

 Kennt. schweiz.Blutenpfl.') The 

 flowers of this species are rose-red 

 or dark carmine-red in colour, 

 and smell like honey. Schroter 

 states that there are male flowers 

 as well as the markedly protan- 

 drous hermaphrodite ones. The 

 two kinds are usually associated 

 on the same stocks, but a few 

 plants are purely male. Kerner describes the umbels as possessing an intermediate 

 zone of pseudo-hermaphrodite male flowers. 



Visitors. Herm. Muller observed 5 beetles, 32 Diptera, 5 Hymenoptera, and 

 9 Lepidoptera in the Alps. 



349. Pachypleurum Ledeb. 



1143. P. alpinum Ledeb. Ekstam describes the flowers of this species in Nova 

 Zemlia as being markedly protandrous, sometimes protogynous-homogamous ; their 

 odour resembles that of elder, and their diameter is 1 5-2 mm. 



Visitors. Flies have been observed by Ekstam in Nova Zemlia. 



Fig. 164. Meum Mutellina^ Gaertn. (after Herm. Muller). 

 A. Flower in the first (male) stage. B. Ditto, in the second 

 (female) stage. 1-5, stamens; Ji, filament; u, nectary; ov, 

 ovary ; st, stigma. 



350. Crithmum L. 



1144. C. maritimum L. (Kirchner, ' D. Bliiten d. Umbelliferen.') Kirchner 

 states that in this species the protandry characteristic of Umbelliferae is extremely 

 well marked. The small flowers (only about 2 mm. in diameter) possess yellowish- 

 white petals, which are permanently involute. The stamens, that also are at first 

 incurved, diverge as usual during dehiscence, after which they wither and fall off with 

 the petals. The two styles now develop, though in the male stage no trace of them 

 was recognizable ; they are very short. An umbel does not as a rule pass into the 

 female stage till all the stamens and petals have dropped off, so that insect-visits 

 necessarily bring about crossing between different umbels. Owing to the white 

 colour of the disks, umbels in the female stage appear of a whitish-green, and are 

 less conspicuous than during the preceding male stage. 



Visitors. The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. 



Kirchner (on the Lido near Venice), flies. Plateau (Ghent Botanic Garden), 

 Musca domestica Z., and a small bug (Miris sp.). 



