UMBELLIFERAE 507 



7. Chrysis cuprea Rossi; 8. C. refulgens Spin.; 9. C. viridula L. ; 10. Ellampus 

 auratus L. ; 11. Stilbum cyanurum Forst. (=S. calens F.). (c) Evaniidae: 12. 

 Gasteruption granulithorax Tourn. (d) Ichneumonidae'. 13. Colpagnathus celerator 

 Gr. ; 14. Ichneumon xanthorius Forst. (e) Pompilidae: 15. Pompilus tripunctatus 

 Dahlb.; 16. P. viaticus L. ; 17. Pseudagenia carbonaria Scop. ; 18. Salius fuscus i^. 

 () Scoliidae: 19. Scolia insubrica Scop.; 20. S. quadripunctata i^. ; 21. Tiphia 

 morio F. (g) Sphegidae: 22. Cerceris emarginata Pz. ; 23. C. quadrifasciata Pz. 

 (h) Tenthredinidae: 24. Amasis laeta F. (?) Vespidae: 25. Polistes gallica L. 



371. Caucalis L. 



1182. C. daucoides L. (Schulz, ' Beitrage,' II, pp. 91, 94, 190; Kerner, 'Nat. 

 Hist. PI./ Eng. Ed. 1, II, pp. 296, 311, 342.) According to Schulz, this white-flowered 

 species is andromonoecious, with homogamous or more rarely slightly protandrous 

 hermaphrodite flowers. The male flowers are usually in the middle of the umbels 

 and umbellules. The terminal umbel generally possesses the largest number of 

 hermaphrodite flowers, and self-pollination may easily take place. 



Kerner describes the flowers as protogynous. He says that the central 

 umbellules contain only pseudo-hermaphrodite male flowers, while each of the 

 others possesses 4-7 of these and two really hermaphrodite flowers. Self-pollination 

 is brought about by an incurving of the bent filaments. 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller saw the bug Graphosoma nigrolineatum F. in 

 Thuringia (' Weit. Beob.,' I, p. 306). 



Schletterer observed the following at Pola. 



Hymenoptera. (a) Chrysididae: 1. Chrysis succincta L. (b) Evaniidae: 

 2. Gasteruption kriechbaumeri Schlelt. (c) Ichneumonidae: 3. Mesoleius cruralis Gr. 

 (</) Tenthredinidae : 4. Cephus variegatus Stein. 



372. Turgenia Hoffm. 



1183. T. latifolia Hoffm. ( = Tordylium latifolium, and Caucalis latifolia L.). 

 According to Schulz ('Beitrage,' II, pp. 92, 191), this species is andromonoecious, 

 with homogamous hermaphrodite flowers. The distribution of sexes is the same as 

 in Caucalis. 



Kerner ('Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. 1, II, pp. 296, 342) also describes the flowers 

 as protogynous. He says that in each umbellule there are 6-9 pseudo-hermaphrodite 

 pollen flowers in the centre, and 5-8 actinomorphous hermaphrodite ones externally. 

 Self-pollination is effected as in Caucalis daucoides. 



373. Torilis Adans. 



1184. T. Anthriscus Bernh.(=Tordylium AnthriscusZ.,and Caucalis Anthriscus 

 Huds). According to Schulz (' Beitrage,' I, p. 60), the flowers of this species, 

 which are white, often tinged with red, are distributed andromonoeciously, the 

 hermaphrodite ones being markedly protandrous. The short-stalked male flowers 

 occupy the centre of all the umbellules, and in umbels of a higher order the 

 number of male flowers increases. Tertiary and quaternary umbels occasionally 

 include these only. Warnstorf (Verh. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxviii, 1896) says that at 



