UMBELLIFERAE 



509 



374. Scandix L. 



1187. S. Pecten- Veneris L. (Schulz, 'Beitrage,' II, pp. 91, 94, 191 ; 



Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 394; MacLeod, Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, 

 vi, 1894, pp. 280-2; Kerner, 'Nat. Hist. PL, Eng. Ed. 1, II, p. 342; Knuth, 

 ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen.') According to Schulz, Kirchner, and MacLeod, the 

 small white flowers of this species are distributed andromonoeciously, and the 

 hermaphrodite ones are homogamous or slightly protandrous. The long-stalked 

 male flowers possess no trace of a pistil; they are usually in the middle of the 

 umbellules, but the primary umbels often contain hermaphrodite flowers only, 

 while the tertiary ones are frequently composed of nothing but male flowers; 

 the number of the latter is generally greater in umbels of high order. Warnstorf 

 (Schr. natw. Ver., Wernigerode, xi, 1896) states that in Brandenburg all the umbels 

 are hermaphrodite to begin with, but become more or less female by the partial 

 or complete degeneration of the anthers. The anthers are greenish-yellow in 

 colour; the pollen-grains white, ovoid, not constricted in the middle, with 3 

 longitudinal grooves, about 13 p, broad and 30 /x. long. 



Fig. 166. Anthriscus sylvestris, Hoffm. (after Herm. Miiller). (i) Flower in the first (purely 

 male) stage. a, immature anthers, hanging out of the flower ; a', mature anthers, projecting obliquely 

 upwards. The styles are not yet visible. (2) Flower in the second (purely female) stage. The 

 stamens have, dropped off, the styles have developed, and their stigmas (st) are mature, w, nectary; 

 ov, ovary ; p, inner petal ; p', outer petal. 



Self-pollination readily takes place, and Kerner says it is brought about by 

 incurving of the filaments, resulting in the anthers being applied to the stigmas. 

 The same authority describes the flowers as protogynous. 



Visitors. On the island of Fehmarn (adjoining 'Land Oldenburg') I only 

 noticed a hover-fly (Eristalis tenax Z.), po-dvg. ; MacLeod (Flanders) saw a fossorial 

 wasp and 3 Diptera (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1894, p. 282). 



375. Anthriscus Bernh. 

 1188. A. sylvestris Hoffm. Warming, Kirchener, Kerner, Schulz, and 

 MacLeod describe this white-flowered species as andromonoecious, with markedly 

 protandrous hermaphrodite flowers. The inner flowers of the umbellules are male, 

 ihe outer ones hermaphrodite, and Schulz says that the number of the former 

 increases in umbels of higher order. MacLeod (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 

 1894) gives a full account of these relations. According to Schroter (Justs bot. 



