CAPRIFOLIACEAE 



5 2 5 



As these visitors creep over the inflorescences they chiefly effect cross-pollination, 

 though autogamy is also often brought about. The latter may also take place 

 automatically, for in many flowers the stigmas are vertically below an anther, 

 Kerner states that geitonogamy occurs. 



Visitors. Herm. Muller gives the following list. 



A. Coleoptera. {a) Anisotomidae : i. Anisotoma obesa Schmidt, nect-lkg. (?). 

 (b) Elateridae: 2. Athous vittatus F. ; 3. Cryptophypnus pulchellus Z. {c) Scara- 

 baeidae : 4. Oxythyrea stictica L., freq., dvg. the delicate parts of the flowers ; 5. 

 Phyllopertha horticola Z., devouring the petals and other parts of the flowers. 

 6. Trichius fasciatus Z., freq., do. (Borgstette). (d) Nitidulidae\ 7. Meligethes, 

 freq. B. Diptera. (a) Empidae : 8. Empis tessellata F., skg. (Budd.). (b) Musci- 

 dae: 9. Echinomyia fera Z. (c) Syrphidae: all freq., skg. and po-dvg. : 10. Eris- 

 talis arbustorum L. ; n. E. nemorum Z. ; 12. E. sepulcralis Z. ; 13. E. tenax Z. ; 

 14. Helophilus floreus Z. ; 15. H. pendulus Z. C. Hymenoptera. 16. Halictus 

 sexnotatus K., po-cltg. 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. 



Sprengel mentions Meligethes ('flower-beetle') and Phyllopertha horticola Z.. 

 (' smaller cockchafer '). Knuth, only the humble-bee Bombus terrester Z. 5, vainly 

 seeking for nectar in the marginal flowers. Alfken (Bremen), 3 bees 1. Andrena 

 albicans Mull. 5, skg. and po-cltg.; 2. A. labialis K. & ; 3. A. tibialis K. 5, po-cltg. 

 von Fricken (Westphalia), the Scarabaeid Trichius abdominalis M/n. MacLeod 

 (Flanders), 2 hover-flies, an Empid, a beetle, and a Lepidopterid (Bot. Jaarb. 

 Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1894, p. 373). Scott-Elliot (Dumfriesshire), 2 hover-flies 

 ('Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 84). 



1213. V. Lantana L. (Kirchner, ' Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 671 ; Schulz, ' Beitrage/ 

 II, p. 95 ; Kerner, ' Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. 1, II, p. 126.) Kirchner says that the 

 mechanism of the white flowers of this species resembles that of V. Opulus, but 

 automatic self-pollination is rendered still more easy, for the anthers are placed 

 almost vertically over the stigma ; less nectar is also secreted. Schulz describes the 

 flowers as protogynous, with persistent stigmas. The stamens are at first curved 

 inwards, but afterwards incline outwards over the edge of the expanded corolla, 

 so that automatic self-pollination does not usually take place. Kerner states that 

 geitonogamy is effected automatically. 



Visitors. The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. 



Schulz, numerous flies, Hymenoptera, and beetles. Loew (Berlin Botanic 

 Garden), the Bibionid Bibio laniger Mg. j, skg. F. F. Kohl (Tyrol), the true 

 wasp Leionotus rossii Lep. von Dalla Torre and Schletterer (Tyrol), the humble- 

 bee Bombus pomorum Pz. 



387. Weigela Thunb. 



Flowers red to white in colour, infundibuliform to campanulate, belonging to 

 class Hb ; with nectar secreted by a green swelling between the base of the style and 

 the corolla. 



1214. W. rosea Lindl. (=Diervilla florida Sieb. et Zttcc). (Herm. Muller, 

 'Weit. Beob.,' Ill, pp. 73-4; Knuth, ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen.') Hermann Muller 

 states that in the flowers of this species the base of the corolla is a narrow tube 



