CAPRIFOLIACEAE 



529 



In plants from Tegel, near Berlin, Loew (' Bliitenbiol. Floristik.,' p. 250) observed 

 )ut a very small quantity of pollen, which was probably functionless, for the flowers 

 lever became fertilized. Loew suggests that a fungus parasitic in the anthers may 

 lave been the cause of this. 



Kerner describes the flowers as funnel-shaped, 10-12 mm. long, and possessing 

 in odour of vanilla. He considers that they permit the access of tolerably short- 

 ongued insects. 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller (Alps) observed 3 flies and a Lepidopterid ; and 



FlG. 173. Linnaea borealis, L. (after Herm. Miiller). A. Flower seen from the side, after removal 

 of the right half of calyx and corolla ( x 7). B. Lower half of the corolla, with the epipetalous stamens 

 and the nectary, dr, bract ; ca, calyx ; co, corolla ; w, nectary ; ov, ovary ; si, stigma. 



^oew (Brandenburg) noticed the Dolichopodid Neurigona quadrifasciata F., skg. (?) 

 ' Beitrage,' p. 44). 



392. Lonicera L. 



Flowers belonging to classes H or L; homogamous, protogynous, or pro- 

 androus ; with concealed nectar, secreted by the receptacle or in a pouch of the 

 orolla. 



1221. L. Periclymenum. (Herm. Miiller, 'Fertilisation,' pp. 295-7, 'Weit. 

 3eob.,' Ill, p. 75; Heinsius, Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iv, 1892; MacLeod, 

 >p cit., v, 1893, pp. 390-1 ; Knuth, 'Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins./ pp. 90, 156, 

 Weit. Beob. ii. Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' pp. 234-5, Bot. Centralbl., Cassel, 

 x, 1894, pp. 41-4; 'Bl. u. Insekt. a. Helgoland'; Warnstorf, Schr. natw. Ver., 

 v r er., Wernigerode, xi, 1896.) The protandrous flowers of this species belong to 

 :lass Lm. Hermann Miiller describes them as homogamous, and gives the following 

 llustration (Fig. 174), which applies to both L. Periclymenum and L. Caprifolium, 

 xcept that in the latter the corolla-tube is 5-8 mm. longer. 



What is represented in the accompanying illustration (Fig. 174) can be always 

 >bserved in full daylight. I gave a similar description of the flowers of L. Periclymenum, 

 ,f:er investigating them at midday, and observing visits of the diurnal hawk-moth 

 v'acroglossa stellatarum L. (' Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' p. 80). 



At the end of July, 1894, 1 studied the flower mechanism of the species (adapted 

 o long-tongued nocturnal Sphingids) at Nieblum in the island of Fohr. This 



DAVIS II 



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