RUBIACEAE 



539 



Willis observed gynodioecism in England (Proc. Phil. Soc, Cambridge, ix, 

 i893)- 



Visitors. Herm. Muller observed the following in Thuringia. 



A. Coleoptera. (a) Elateridae : 1. Agriotes ustulatus SchalL, resting inactively 

 on the flowers, (b) Telephoridae : 2. Danacea pallipes Panz., resting inactively on the 

 flowers ; 3. Dasytes subaeneus Schh., skg.(?) ; 4. Ebaeus thoracicus Oliv. B. Diptera. 

 (a) Bombyliidae: 5. Systoechus sulphureus Mih, skg. (5) Empidae: 6. Empis livida L., 



FlG. 180. Asperula taurina, L. (after Herm. Muller). A. Hermaphrodite flower, seen from the side. 

 B. Pistil and nectary of the same flower. C. Another hermaphrodite flower with the stigmas more 

 exserted. D. A third ditto, with long stylar branches. E. Half-withered flower, with the branches of 

 the style even longer. F. Vestigial pistil of a male flower. G. A trimerous male flower (X7). 

 n, nectary ; ov, ovary ; si, stigma. 



freq., skg.; 7. Rhamphomyia sp., eagerly skg., in very large numbers, (c) Musctdae: 

 8. Siphona geniculata Deg. % freq., skg. ; 9. Ulidia erythrophthalma Mg., do. (d) Stratio- 

 myidae: 10. Nemotelus pantherinus L., skg. (e) Syrphidae: n. Syritta pipiens Z., 

 hovering and skg. C. Hymenoptera. Apidae: 12. Bombus agrorum F. 5, 

 casually trying to suck. D. Lepidoptera. (a) Geometridae: 13. Minoa murinata 

 Scop., skg. (6) Rhopalocera: 14. Coenonympha arcania Z., skg. 



Loew noticed the bee Exoprosopa picta Mg., skg., in Steiermark (' Beitrage,' 

 p. 51). MacLeod saw 2 flies in the Pyrenees (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 

 1891, p. 345). 



