RUBIACEAE 543 



nectary (nect-lkg., Thuringia). (b) Muscidae: 4. Musca corvina F. ; 5. Scato- 

 phaga merdaria F., skg. (c) Stratiomyidae : 6. Odontomyia viridula F., not infre- 

 quent, nect-lkg. (d) Syrphidae : 7. Melithreptus sp., po-dvg. (Buddeberg) ; 8. Mero- 

 don aeneus Mg., po-dvg. (Thuringia) ; 9. Syritta pipiens Z., freq., skg. and po-dvg.; 

 10. Syrphus ribesii Z., do. (e) Tipulidae: it. Pachyrhina crocata Z., skg. 

 C. Hymenoptera. Sphegidae: 12. Ammophila sabulosa Z. 5. 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. 

 Alfken and Leege (Juist), the butterfly Pieris napi Z., and the Noctuid Plusia 

 gamma Z. Verhoeff (Norderney). A. Coleoptera. Telephoridae : 1. Dolicho- 

 soma lineare Rossi. B. Diptera. (a) Dolichopodidae : 2. Dolichopus aeneus Deg. 

 (b) Empidae\ 3. Hilara quadrivittata Mg. (c) Muscidae: 4. Anthomyia sp. 5. 

 Aricia incana Wied. ; 6. Cynomyia mortuorum Z., skg. ; 7. Hydrotaea sp., 1 J; 8. 

 Lucilia caesar Z., skg. ; 9. Miltogramma sp. ; 10. Sarcophaga striata F., skg. ; 11. 

 Sepsis cynipsea Z. (d) Syrphidae: 12. Eumerus sabulosus Fall. $; 13. Melithrep- 

 tus menthastri Z. $, skg.; 14. Platycheirus clypeatus Mg. ; 15. Syritta pipiens Z., 

 skg. (e) Therevidae: 16. Thereva anilis Z., skg. C. Hymenoptera. (a) Formi- 

 cidae: 17. Myrmica rubra Z. ; 18. M. rugulosa Nyl. a ijj. Arachnida. Trombi- 

 diidae: 19. Rhyncholopus phalangioides Deg. Verhoeff describes the last-mentioned 

 mite as a constant visitor (Ent. Nachr., Berlin, xviii, 1892). Loew (Silesia) 

 ('Beitrage,' p. 29), an Oedemerid (Chrysanthia viridis Schmidt), and a hover-fly 

 (Melithreptus scriptus Z., skg.). MacLeod (Flanders), 3 flies and a beetle (Bot. 

 Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, v, 1893, P- 3^6); (Pyrenees), 4 Muscids and 2 Syrphids 

 (op. cit., p. 345)- Scott-Elliott (Dumfriesshire), an Empid, and several' other Diptera 

 (' Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 86). 



1245. G. sylvaticum L. (Kirchner, ' Flora v. Stuttgart ' ; Schulz, ' Beitrage,' 

 I, p. 67.) According to Kirchner and Schulz, the small white flowers of this species 

 are protandrous, and their mechanism agrees with that of G. Mollugo ; the stamens, 

 however, do not bend outwards in the same way, but remain incurved, so that auto- 

 matic self-pollination can easily take place. 



Visitors. The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. 



Knuth, the po-dvg. hover-fly Syritta pipiens Z. ('Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen'). 

 Herm. Miiller (Bavarian Oberpfalz) ('Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 69). A. Coleoptera. 

 (a) Cerambycidae : 1. Leptura testacea Z. $, dvg. the anthers, (b) Lycidae: 2. Dic- 

 tyoptera sanguinea Scop., resting inactively on the flowers, (c) Oedemeridae: 3. 

 Oedemera flavescens Z., its mouth busy with the anthers. B. Diptera. (a) 

 Muscidae: 4. Sarcophaga sp., freq., skg. (b) Syrphidae: 5. Melithreptus men- 

 thastri Z., skg. Loew (Switzerland) (' Beitrage,' p. 56) 2 Bombyliids, skg.: 

 (Anthrax maura Z., and Argyromoeba sinuata Fall.), and the Syrphid Melanostoma 

 barbifrons F. 



1246. G. sylvestre Pollich. (Herm. Miiller, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 389-90; 

 Schulz, 'Beitrage,' I, p. 67 ; Knuth, ' Bloemenbiol, Bijdragen.') The white flowers 

 of this species agree essentially as regards their mechanism with those of G. Mollugo, 

 but the stamens after dehiscing do not curve so far outwards. They vary between 

 protandry and homogamy ; in the latter case automatic self-pollination easily takes 

 place. Hermann Miiller and Schulz state that in the Alps the flowers are larger 

 (5-7 mm. in diameter) than in the lowlands. 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller observed 2 Syrphids and 12 Lepidoptera. Schulz 

 saw flies, beetles, small bees, and small Lepidoptera (especially Nocluids). I only 

 noticed the hover-fly Syritta pipiens Z., po-dvg., at Kiel. 



