554 ANGIOSPERMAEDICOTYLEDONES 



po-cltg. ; 4. Osmia fulviventris Pz. J, skg. C. Lepidoptera. RJiopalocera : 

 5. Pieris brassicae Z., skg. 



1281. V. Phu L. 



Visitors. Loew observed the following in the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



A. Coleoptera. Scarabaeidae : 1. Rhizotrogus solstitialis L., dvg. the flowers. 



B. Diptera. Syrphidae: 2. Helophilus floreus Z. C. Hymenoptera. Apidae: 

 3. Osmia rufa Z. 5, po-cltg. D. Lepidoptera. RJiopalocera: 4. Pieris brassicae 

 Z., skg. 



404. Centranthus DC. 



Red or white Lepidopterid flowers ; markedly protandrous (Delpino, ' Ult. oss.,' 

 p. 127); with nectar secreted in a spur at the base of the corolla-tube. 



1282. C. ruber DC. Schulz ('Beitrage,' II, pp. 103-4) describes the flowers 

 of this species as zygomorphous, like those of the other Valerianeae. One corolla- 

 lobe forms the upper lip, while the four others make up the lower one. The narrow 

 corolla-tube, which Kerner describes as longitudinally divided into two by a thin 

 membrane, is 8-10 mm. long, with a spur of 6-7 mm. The anther of the single 

 stamen, which is situated right or left of the upper lip, is introrse, but during 

 dehiscence it assumes an oblique or even horizontal position. At first the style 

 projects but little from the corolla-tube, but after the anthers have dehisced it 

 elongates, and protrudes 5-6 mm. beyond the corolla. Automatic self-pollination is 

 thus prevented. 



Visitors. The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. 



Knuth (garden plants in Helgoland), the diurnal hawk-moth Macroglossa 

 stellatarum Z. Loew (Bellagio), ditto. Schulz (Bozen), chiefly butterflies 1. 

 Papilio podalirius Z. ; 2. P. machaon Z. ; 3. Parnassius apollo Z. ; 4. Pieris 

 brassicae Z. ; 5. P. rapae Z. Mattei (Genoa), butterflies and Zygaenidae. Loew 

 (Berlin Botanic Garden). A. Coleoptera. Scarabaeidae: 1. Cetonia aurata Z., 

 dvg. the flowers. B. Diptera. Syrphidae: 2. Syritta pipiens Z., po-dvg. (?); 

 3. Syrphus luniger Mg., casual. C. Lepidoptera. RJiopalocera: 4. Vanessa 

 urticae Z., skg. 



1283. C. angustifolius DC. 



Visitors. The following were observed by Loew in the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



A. Coleoptera. Scarabaeidae: 1. Cetonia aurata Z., dvg. the flowers. B. 



Diptera. Syrphidae: 2. Eristalis sepulcralis Z., casual; 3. E. tenax Z., do. 



C. Lepidoptera. RJiopalocera: 4. Pieris brassicae Z., skg.; 5. Vanessa urticae 

 Z., do. 



405. Valerianella Toum. 



Flowers bluish-white in colour ; homogamous or protogynous ; in dense cymes, 

 but inconspicuous owing to their small size ; nectar secreted and concealed in 

 expansion at the base of the corolla-tube. 



1284. V. olitoria Pollich. (Herm. Miiller, 'Fertilisation,' p. 308, ' Weit. 

 Beob.,' Ill, p. 98; Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart/ p. 675; MacLeod, Bot. Jaarb. 

 Dodonaea, Ghent, v, 1893, pp. 392-3 ; Knuth, Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen ' ; Warnstorf, 

 Verh. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxviii, 1896.) Hermann Miiller states that the corolla of 

 the minute flowers of this species consists of a tube, the lower part of which is about 



