DIPSACEAE 557 



Kirchner mentions an interesting arrangement for securing safety from wingless 

 insects that might creep up from the ground, i. e. the collection of rain water in 

 the hollows formed by the union of the bases of the cauline leaves. The same 

 arrangement is found also in D. laciniatus and D. fullonum. 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller observed the following in Westphalia, all skg. 



A. Diptera. Syrphidae: i. Volucella pellucens L. B. Hymenoptera. 



Apidae: 2. Bombus agrorum F. <j> and ijf; 3. B. lapidarius Z. 5, 5 and $, freq. ; 

 4. Crocisa scutellaris F. 5 ; 5. Halictus tetragonius Klg. J ; 6. H. sexcinctus F. 5 ; 

 7. Megachile lagopoda Z. <j> and J; 8. M. maritima K. 5 and $; 9. Psithyrus 

 rupestris F. 5. 



Heinsius gives the following for Holland. 



A. Diptera. Syrphidae : 1. Eristalis pertinax Scop. 5. B. Hymenoptera. 

 Apidae: 2. Bombus agrorum F. $; 3. B. rajellus K. J; 4. Megachile maritima 

 K. J ; 5. Psithyrus campestris Pz. J ; 6. P. vestalis Fonrcr. J. C. Lepidoptera. 

 Rhopalocera-. 7. Pieris rapae Z. $; 8. Rhodocera rhamni Z. $ and 5; 9. Vanessa 

 io Z. ; 10. V. urticae Z. 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. 



Loew (Brandenburg), the humble-bee Bombus cognatus Steph. J, skg. (' Beitrage/ 

 p. 40). Schletterer (Tyrol), 2 humble-bees Bombus terrester Z. and B. arenicola 

 Thorns, von Dalla Torre (Tyrol), the humble-bee Bombus muscorum F. J. MacLeod 

 (Flanders), 3 humble-bees, a hover-fly, and a Lepidopterid (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, 

 Ghent, vi, 1894, p. 373). Knuth (Kiel Botanic Garden), 2 skg. and po-cltg. humble- 

 bees Bombus lapidarius Z. 5, and B. terrester Z. 5 and |jj. 



1291. D. fullonum L. (Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' pp. 678-9.) Kirchner 

 describes the whitish protandrous flowers of this species as possessing a corolla 

 12-14 mm. long, scarcely 1 mm. thick in its lower part, but gradually expanding 

 upwards like a funnel. Anthesis begins (as in D. sylvestris) in an intermediate zone, 

 from which it extends upwards and downwards. After the flower has opened, the 

 stamens with their lilac-coloured anthers project 5-6 mm. beyond the corolla. When 

 the anthers have withered, the style (at first enclosed in the corolla) elongates, so that 

 the stigmas are situated 2-4 mm. beyond the stamens. One of the two stigmatic 

 branches is often vestigial. 



Visitors. The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. 



Kirchner (Wurtemberg), humble-bees and small Nitidulids. Knuth (Kiel 

 Botanic Garden), 2 humble-bees Bombus lapidarius Z. and B. terrester Z., skg. 

 (' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen'). F. F. Kohl (Tyrol), the true wasp Ancistrocerus 

 parietum Z. 



1292. D. laciniatus L. (Kirchner, 'Beitrage,' p. 63.) The flowers of this 

 species are pale lilac, almost white in colour. Kirchner describes them as markedly 

 protandrous, with a corolla about 10 mm. long, from which the diverging stamens 

 project 5 mm. After the anthers have dropped off the style grows out of the 

 corolla-tube, and protrudes as much as 4-5 mm. Here again one of the two 

 stigmatic branches is usually vestigial ; if both are fully formed they are recurved. 

 Anthesis takes place as in the last two species. 



