COMPOSITAE 



569 



observed the sensitiveness of the filaments of certain species (of Centaurea, Ono- 

 pordon, Cichorium, and Hieracium) (' 3. Fortsetzung/ p. 199, Leipzig, 1766). 

 Hildebrand 1 has made the mechanism of the style the subject of a thorough 

 investigation (' U. d. Geschlechtsverhaltn. b. d. Compositen,' Nova Acta Leop., 

 Halle, 1869). Delpino in 1870 discussed the oecological peculiarities of the 



FIG. 189. Styles and Stigvias of Compositae (from nature), (i) Enlarged tip of the style of Bidens, 

 with branches still almost apposed ; on the outside are prominent sweeping-hairs, which diminish in size 

 towards the apex. (2) Ditto, with the branches of the style spread out ; their inner surface is closely beset 

 with stigmatic papillae. (3) Enlarged tip of the style of Aster, still closed. The conical apex is densely 

 beset with prominent sweeping-hairs, and below these are seen the stigmatic papillae. (4) Enlarged tip 

 of the style of a disk-floret of Chrysanthemum segetum Z.., in the first (male) stage. (5) Ditto, in the 



second (female) stage, greatly enlarged. (6) Enlarged tip of the style of a ray-floret of the same plant, 



with diverging stigmatic branches. (7) Tip of the style of a disk-floret of the same plant, seen from 

 within : in the centre is a stylar groove filled with pollen-grains : greatly enlarged. 



flowers of Compositae, and Hermann Miiller in 1873 gave a review of the order 

 as regards pollination mechanisms ('Fertilisation,' pp. 315-18). 



The many small flowers are aggregated into a head, which is closely 



1 He here deals with the following species. Taraxacum officinale (pp. 7 et seq., Taf. I, 

 Figs. 1-7) ; Cichorium intybus (Taf. I, Figs. 8-10) ; Vernonia scaberrima (p. 14) ; Cacalia 

 sonchifolia (p. 15, Taf. I, Figs. 11-13) ; Eupatorium riparium and E. cannabinum (pp. 16-17, 

 Taf. I, Figs. 14-19) ; Liatris spicata (pp. 17-19, Taf. I, Figs. 20-5); Dahlia variabilis (pp. 19-20, 

 Taf. I, Figs. 26-9); Bidens tripartita (Taf. I, Figs. 30-1); Agathaea coelestis (pp. 20-1, Taf. II, 

 Figs. 1-6); Solidago virgaurea (pp. 22-3, Taf. II, Figs. 7-10); Bellis perennis (pp. 23-4, Taf. II, 

 Figs, n-15); Telekia speciosa (pp. 24-5, Taf. II, Figs. 16-17); Doronicum macrophyllum 

 (pp. 25-6, Taf. II, Figs. 1S-28); Senecio populifolius (pp. 27-8, Taf. II, Figs. 29-36); Gaillardia 

 lanceolata (pp. 28-9, Taf. Ill, Figs. 1-3) ; Silphium doronicifolium (pp. 29-31, Taf. Ill, Figs. 4-9) ; 

 Calendula arvensis (pp. 31-3, Taf. Ill, Figs. 10-17) ; C. officinalis (p. 33, Taf. Ill, Figs. 18-20) ; 

 Melampodium divaricatum (pp. 33-4, Taf. Ill, Figs. 21-5); Madaria elegans (pp. 34-5, Taf. IV, 

 Figs. 26-7) ; Petasites officinalis (pp. 35-40, Taf. IV, Figs. 1-19) ; Gnaphalium dioicium (pp. 40-2, 

 Taf. Ill, Figs. 26-32) ; Gazania rigens and G. speciosa (pp. 42-4, Taf. IV, Figs. 20-5) ; Crypto- 

 stemma hypochondriacum (pp. 44-5, Taf. VI, Figs. 23-5); Arctotis acaulis (p. 45, Taf. VI, 

 Figs. 21-2); Lappa minor and other sp. (p. 46, Taf. V, Fig. 32); Echinops sphaerocephalus 

 (pp. 46-8, Taf. VI, Figs. 1-3) ; Xeranthemum annuum (pp. 48-50, Taf. V, Figs. 24-30) ; 

 Centaurea montana (pp. 50-6, Taf. V, Figs. 1-23); C. scabiosa (pp. 56-7); C. dealbata (pp. 59-60, 

 Taf. VI, Figs. 6-9) ; Cnicus benedictus (pp. 57-8, Taf. V, Fig. 31) ; Amberoa Lippii (Taf. VI, 

 Fig. 4-5) ; Jurinea alata (pp. 58-9) ; Silybum Marianum (pp. 60-2, Taf. VI, Figs. 10-20). 



