582 ANGIOSPERMAEDICOTYLEDONES 



hairs these branches are beset with stigmatic papillae internally, and on a longi- 

 tudinal outer fold; they remain apposed at their tips. Insects visiting flowers in 

 the first stage therefore get their under-surfaces covered with pollen, and will carry 

 this to the stigmas of heads in the second stage. Automatic self-pollination is possible 

 should insect-visits fail, for some pollen always remains between the stylar branches. 



After fertilization the disk-florets assume a discoloured orange hue, and ulti- 

 mately become brown. Now and then heads devoid of a ray occur. MacLeod 

 says that these contain ten rather large disk-florets. 



Visitors. I observed the following at Kiel ('Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' 

 p. 157 ; ' Weit. Beob. u. Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' p. 235). 



A. Diptera. (a) Muscidae: all skg. : 1. Anthomyia sp. 5; 2. Aricia obscurata 

 Mg. ; 3. Dolichopus sp. 5 ; 4. D. sp. S ; 5. Lucilia caesar Z. ; 6. L. sp. ; 7. Musca 

 corvina Fall.; 8. Platycephala planifrons F.; 9. Pollenia rudis F. ; 10. Scatophaga 

 litorea Fall.) 11. S. merdaria F. ; 12. S. stercoraria Z. ; 13. Siphona cristata 

 F. ; 14. Very small sp. (6) Syrphidae: 15. Melithreptus taeniatus Mg. 5, skg.; 

 16. Syrphus corollae F. 5, do. B. Hymenoptera. Apidae: 17. Apis mellifica, 

 L. 5, skg. and po-cltg. ; 18. Bombus lapidarius Z., do. 



Willis gives the following for the neighbourhood of the south coast of Scotland 

 (' Fls. and Insects in Gt. Britain,' Part 1). 



A. Coleoptera. Nitidulidae'. 1. Meligethes aeneus F., freq., skg. and po-dvg. 

 B. Diptera. (a) Muscidae : 2. Anthomyia radicumZ., freq., skg. and po-dvg. ; 3. A. 

 sp., skg. ; 4. Hyetodesia incana W., skg. and po-dvg. ; 5. Lucilia cornicina F., skg. ; 

 6. Onesia sepulcralis Mg., do. ; 7. Scatophaga stercoraria ., freq., skg. ; 8. Tephritis 

 vespertina Loew, skg. (b) Syrphidae: 9. Eristalis aeneus Scop., freq., skg. ; 10. E. 

 horticola Deg., skg. ; 11. E. tenax Z., freq., skg. ; 12. Platycheirus manicatus Mg., 

 skg. C. Hymenoptera. Apidae: all skg.: 13. Apis mellifica Z. ; 14. Bombus 

 agrorum Z. ; 15. B. lapidarius Z. ; 16. B. pratorum Z. ; 17. B. terrester Z. D. Lepi- 

 doptera. Rhopalocera: 18. Polyommatus phlaeas Z. 



The following were recorded by the authorities, and for the localities stated. 



Leege (Juist), the Noctuid Hydroecia nictitans Bkh. MacLeod (Belgium), Apis 

 and some of the smaller bees. Scott-Elliot (Dumfriesshire), 5 humble-bees, 6 hover- 

 flies, 1 2 Muscids, a Lepidopterid, and the beetle Meligethes (Scott-Elliot, ' Flora of 

 Dumfriesshire,' p. 90). 



1337. A. Amellus L. (Herm. Mailer, 'Fertilisation,' p. 322 ; Kirchner, 'Bei- 

 trage,' pp. 63-4 ; Loew, ' Blutenbiol. Floristik,' p. 258.) The vanilla-scented florets 

 of this species are aggregated into heads of about 35 mm. diameter. Kirchner states 

 that each of these contains twenty lilac-coloured female ray-florets, and twice as 

 many golden-yellow hermaphrodite disk-florets. The former possess a corolla-tube 



2 mm. long, with a tongue about 13 mm. in length; the two branches of the blue 

 style are divergent. The corolla-tube of the disk-florets is 2 J 3 mm. long, expanding 

 into a bell 3 mm. in length. The style grows out of the anther-cylinder for about 



3 mm. above the bell. Its branches are so curved that they turn their concave 

 stigmatic surfaces towards each other, and meet at the tip ; their outer sides subse- 

 quently become more strongly convex so that the branches curve past each other. 



Visitors. Herm. Mflller noticed a hover-fly (Eristalis arbustorum Z., po-dvg.) 

 in Thuringia. 



