COMPOSITAE 



587 



4. Ammophila sabulosa L. ; 5. Oxybelus quattuordecimnotatus Jur. $ ; 6. O. uni- 

 glumis L. i. 



1353. G. punctata Nees. 



Visitors. Loew observed 2 bugs (Aphanus lynceus F., and Eurydema oleraceum 

 Z.), and a butterfly (Pieris brassicae Z., skg.), in the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



421. Chrysocoma L. 



Ray-florets neuter or absent : flower mechanism otherwise like that of Aster. 



1354. C. Linosyris L. (= Aster Linosyris Bernh., Linosyris vulgaris Cass., 

 and Galatella Linosyris Reichb.f.). According to Hermann Miiller (' Fertilisation,' 

 pp. 322-4) the golden-yellow heads of this species are arranged in flat-topped 

 inflorescences. Miiller says that all the florets are alike. The protandrous florets 

 which are in the first (male) stage expand their corolla-lobes, and are therefore more 

 conspicuous than those in the second (female) stage, when these lobes are erect. 

 The stylar branches (1^ mm. 

 long) are beset to about their 

 centre with a marginal row of 

 stigmatic papillae on either side, 

 above which they are expanded 

 and covered externally and 

 laterally by sweeping -hairs. 

 Their tips do not diverge, but 

 remain permanently apposed ; 

 otherwise they are separate 

 as in Aster. It follows that 

 insects get covered with pollen 

 on their under-sides, when 

 visiting florets in the first stage, 

 and convey this to the stigmas 

 of florets in the second stage. 

 As all the florets of a head are 

 in the same stage, it follows 

 that many of them may be 

 pollinated during a single visit. 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller 

 observed the following. 



A. Diptera. (a) Muscidae: 1. Ocyptera cylindrica F., skg. (b) Syrphidae: 

 2. Eristalis arbustorum Z., very common, skg. and po-dvg. ; 3. E. nemorum Z., do.; 

 4. Syritta pipiens Z., do. B. Hymenoptera. Apidae : 5. Halictus albipes F. J, 

 very numerous, skg.; 6. H. cylindricus F. J, freq., skg. ; 7. H. flavipes F. J, skg.; 



8. H. nitidiusculus K. J, in large numbers, skg. C. Lepidoptera. (a) Noctuidae : 



9. Plusia gamma Z., skg. (6) Rhopalocera : 10. Lycaena alsus W.V., skg.; 

 11. Polyommatus dorilis Hfn., do. 



Loew records the following for the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



A. Coleoptera. Coccinellidae : 1. Coccinella impustulata Z. B. Diptera. 

 (a) Muscidae: 2. Anthomyia sp. ; 3. Chloria demandata F. ; 4. Echinomyia fera L. ; 



Fig. 196. Chrysocoma Linosyris, L. (after Herm. Miiller). 

 (1) Floret in the first (male) stage. (2) t)itto, in the second (female) 

 stage, a, anthers ; /j sweeping-hairs ; , stigmatic papillae ; ov, 

 ovary ; p, pollen. 



